Memory

Question 1

name the three stages of memory:

Answer 1

1-Acquisition: attending to stimulus and encoding it to memory
2-Retention-presentation of stored material over an interval
3-Retrieval-process of getting information back for life

Question 2

Multi store model:

Name the three memory stores:

Answer 2

1: Sensory memory
2: short term memory
3: Long term memory

Question 3

Explain sensory memory:

Answer 3

Initial presentation of stimuli and is the temporary storage

sight: iconic
sound: echoic

Question 4

Short term memory

Answer 4

Brief storage:
short term memory has a capacity of 7 + or -2
Decay: memory trace rusts
displaced: New items knock out old items

Question 5

Name the three types of rehearsal:

Answer 5

maintenance: Items are kept active in STM
elaborative: transfers memory from stm to ltm
chunking: items can be grouped together to form longer wholes

Question 6

Long term memory:
name the two types of processing:
Craik and Tuiving:

Answer 6

1-shallow: processing superficial features/physical properties

deep: processing for meaning
2: concrete nouns but process them in different ways:
- process cause of letters (shallow)
- rhyme of word (medium)
- meaning (deep) Remembered much more when they did deep processing (37% compared to 17%)

Question 7

Episodic memory:

Answer 7

context specific memory
obeys principle of encoding specificity
retrieval cues: best cues are ones that were present at the time items were learnt, matching retrieval cues matches encoding

Question 8

semantic memory:

Answer 8

> general memory and not tied to particular context
form a semantic network-if a cluster of these related concepts are formed its a schema
activation can spread around network
semantic priming

Question 9

Long term: passive race driven memory retrieval:

Answer 9

A trace is left behind in memory after an event has occurred and can be retrieved at any time but can deteriorate with time, but doesnt alter.
memory is literal re-experiencing of the past when a trace is retrieved.

flashblub memories: very surprising, vivid experiences eg disasters and are very recoverable

Question 10

Schema driven memory:

what is a schema:

Answer 10

1- set of expectations about the way the world works that affects the information we attend and remember
memory is not a literal re-experience.

Question 11

Barlett: 1932 remembering

Answer 11

schemas play a critical role in memory
method of serial reproduction: features that can not be labelled were elaborated until a recognized form was produced:
1-something familar
2-recognizable form produces something more memorable
3-stories become simplified and made more coherent

Question 12

Barlett: simplification/coherence:

Answer 12

Omissions:take out parts that dont fit with schemas
rationalization: retelling the story of what must have occurred from the story tellers outlook
transforming of details: familiarity and conventional
changing order of events:

Question 13

Loftus and Palmer: eye witness testimony: post effect information

Answer 13

memory can be affected by post effect information
-smashed, collided, bumped
those that heard smashed reported seeing glass more
it can produce false memories of relevant, personal details

Question 14

Kassin and Wrightsman

Answer 14

voluntary false confession: without external pressure but dont believe in their own guilt

coerced compliant false: instrumental gain

coerced internalized:really believe their guility

Question 15

Kassin and Kiechel

Answer 15

Research on reconstructive approach suggests what you believe partly determines what you remember

Question 16

Repressed memory therapy:

Answer 16

adult survivors block out trauma

accessing and accepting memories as real is critical