memory Flashcards
Atkinson & Shiffrin
Ecoding: rehearsal
forgetting: Stm - decay
LTM - interference
Baddeley and hitch - working memory (STM)
4 components: central ex, episodic buffer, phono loop, visuospatial sketch pad
Phonological loop
Store (perception) & control process (rehearsal & translates written to spoken)
probs with the phono loop
phono similarity effect
word length - longer the word the more probs
Visuospatial sketch pad
cache (form and colour) & scribe (movement)
Central ex
attentional system
Craik & Lockhart
Level of processing
deep: more encoded
shallow: less encoded
tulving & craik
LOP was too simple
Elaborative rehearsal: deeper, semantic analysis
maintenance rehearsal: rote repetition
Types of memory in LTM
explicit: semantic & episodic
implicit: procedural
Encoding specificity principle
(Tulving, 1979)
learn in specific cond - recalled best in specific condition
What causes forgetting (4)
proactive interference: where old info hinders new info
retroactive interference: new info hinders old info
amnesia
trace decay
antereograde amnesia
can remember old mems not new ones
autobiographical memories
highly personal with specific significance, occur in time periods
NOT same as episodic- which is trivial
How does autobiographical memory function? Self memory system
Conway & Pleydell pearce (2000)
Composed of:
a) autobiographical memory base
b) current goals of the working self (fuelled by the self)
- working self influences the kinds of autobiographical that are stored & recalled
Self memory model and retrieval
1) generative retrieval: needs interaction between working self and auto mem base ~~ controlled
2) direct retrieval: NO interaction needed between working self and auto bio mems ~~ triggered spontaneously by cues
