Cognition & emotion Flashcards
What is emotion?
brief intense feelings, often event related
what is a mood?
Not event specific, lasts longer
affect
emotion & mood together
Appraisal theories of emotion: smith and lazarus
Smith & Lazauras (1993) Situation + appraisal = emotion
- conscious appraisal
- student performed badly: blamed self = sadness, blamed teacher = anger
- manipulating appraisal manipulated emotion
evaluation of smith and lazarus
only really testing the understanding of ones beliefs NOT emotion
Kuppens et al 2003
- dont need appraisal to feel anger
- 4 appraisals linked with anger
- for some, merely the presence of frustration led to anger and some other DID need the appraisal (ie prevention of goal meeting) to feel anger
~~~ dont have to appraise ALL THE SITU to feel emotion; why we may feel different after a total evaluation
Probs with appraisal theories (4)
1) hard to say whether its the appraisal that causes emotion OR if its a direct response to the situ
2) appraisals may be slower than emotions
3) ignorance of bottom up processes
4) 2 ways of experiencing emotion:
a) automatically
b) deliberate appraisal system
Smith and Kirkby (2001)
1) automatic system: affective priming, associated representativeness
2) appraisal system: deliberate: use all info available
—> appraisal detectors –> emotion
The appraisal depends on the system of processing used ie quick/slow
Horror and desensitisation- Shautau (2009)
CAN TRAIN PEOPLE TO APPRAISE SITUATIONS POSITIVELY ~ reduce ones distress.
Positive appraisal training
Emotion regulation
use of deliberate e& effortful processes to override initial emotional response
Gross & Thompson (2007)
strategies used at each state of emotion generation:
a) situation selection
b) situation modification
c) attention deployment
d) cog change
e) response (express beh?)
affect & attention
postive affect: inc attentional breath (Fredrickson)
Negative affect: smaller breath
affect and memory
a) mood congruity
b) mood state dependent memory
a) mood congruity: positve memories best recalled in positive moods
b) mood state dependent memory: recall of memory is greatest when in that mood state again
Moral dilemmas
Foot bridge dilemma
Train track dilemma
Dual process model for moral dilemmas
1st route: Deontological judgements: fast, automatic, based on rules. i.e. don’t kill
2nd route: utilitarian judgements: conscious, effortful, best outcome
