Memory

Question 1

The Multi Store Model was created by

Answer 1

Atkinson and Schiffrin

Question 2

Sensory Register

Answer 2

A stimulus from the environment will pass into the sensory registers

Question 3

The main two stores in the sensory register are

Answer 3

Iconic and Echoic

Question 4

Duration of sensory register

Answer 4

Less than half a second

Question 5

Capacity of sensory register

Answer 5

Very high

Question 6

To pass from sensory register to STM

Answer 6

Attention must be paid

Question 7

Capacity of STM (MSM)

Answer 7

5-9 items (7 plus or minus 2)

Question 8

Duration of STM (MSM)

Answer 8

30 seconds

Question 9

STM (MSM) coding

Answer 9

Acoustic

Question 10

To pass from STM to LTM

Answer 10

Rehearsal

Question 11

Types of rehearsal

Answer 11

Maintenance

Elaborative

Question 12

Capacity of LTM (MSM)

Answer 12

Unlimited

Question 13

Duration of LTM (MSM)

Answer 13

Life

Question 14

LTM (MSM) coding

Answer 14

Semantic

Question 15

To be recalled

Answer 15

Has to be transferred back to STM from LTM

Question 16

Transferred to STM from LTM

Answer 16

Retrieval

Question 17

Came up with the types of LTM

Answer 17

Tulving

Question 18

The three types of LTM

Answer 18

Episodic
Semantic
Procedural

Question 19

Episodic memory

Answer 19

Our ability to recall events from our lives

Time-stamped

Question 20

Semantic memory

Answer 20

Our knowledge of the world

Not time-stamped

Question 21

Procedural memory

Answer 21

Our memory for actions and skills

Can recall without conscious awareness or a lot of effort

Question 22

Working memory model describes

Answer 22

Short term memory

Question 23

Parts of WMM

Answer 23

Central executive
Phonological loop
Visuo-spatial sketchpad
Episodic buffer

Question 24

Central executive

Answer 24

Monitors incoming data, makes decisions, and allocates slave systems to tasks
Limited processing capacity

Question 25

Phonological loop

Answer 25

Deals with auditory information and preserves the order in which information arrives
Phonological store stores the words you hear
Articulatory process allows maintenance rehearsal, capacity is about 2 seconds of what you could say

Question 26

Visuo-spatial sketchpad

Answer 26

Stores visual and spatial information
Limited capacity, about 3 or 4 objects according to Baddeley
Visual cache stores visual data
Inner scribe records the arrangement of objects in the visual field

Question 27

Episodic buffer

Answer 27

Temporary store for information
Integrates the visual, spatial and verbal information processed by the other stores
Maintains a sense of time sequencing
Storage component of the CE
Limited capacity of about 4 chunks
Links working memory to LTM

Question 28

Types of interference

Answer 28

Proactive

Retroactive

Question 29

Proactive interference

Answer 29

Occurs when an older memory interferes with a newer one

Question 30

Retroactive interference

Answer 30

Occurs when a newer memory interferes with an older one

Question 31

Interference occurs in

Answer 31

LTM

Question 32

The encoding specificity principle was discovered by

Answer 32

Tulving

Question 33

ESP

Answer 33

If a cue is to help us recall information it has to be present at encoding and at retrieval.
If the cues available at encoding and retrieval are different there will be some forgetting

Question 34

Types of cues

Answer 34

External cues- context dependent forgetting

Internal cues- state dependent cues

Question 35

Cognitive interview was invented by

Answer 35

Fisher and Geiselman

Question 36

Cognitive interview

Answer 36

1. Report everything
2. Reinstate the context
3. Reverse the order
4. Change the perspective

Question 37

Schema

Answer 37

What is expected in a scenario

Question 38

Enhanced cognitive interview

Answer 38

Focuses on the social dynamics:

• When to establish eye contact and when not to
• Reducing eyewitness anxiety
• Minimising distractions
• Getting the witness to speak slowly
• Asking open ended questions