Memory 3.3 Flashcards
What does encoding mean
A sensory image that is converted to a form that the brain can process to store
What does storage mean
Retaining the information over a period of time
What does retrieval mean
The recovery of stored materials
What is chunking and how does it help
Units of information made up of several smaller units
Increases the number of items held in the short term memory
What is rehearsal and how does it help
Saying it over and over again
Helps to extend the time for which the information is maintained in the STM
(Helps transfer information to the LTM)
How can the capacity of the STM be improved
Chunking and rehearsal
What is the serial position effect
Remembering the first and last items in a list better than the items in the middle
What is displacement
Older items being removed by new information
What is decay
Breakdown of information
What are the three ways to transfer information from the STM - LTM
Rehearsal
Organisation
Elaboration
What is organisation
Grouping information into related categories
What is elaboration
Adding more information on/making it more complex
What are two ways information can be encoded into the LTM
Shallow encoding
Elaborative encoding
What is shallow encoding
Repeating information (rehearsal)
What is elaborative encoding
Adding a deeper understanding
(Organisation and elaboration)
