Memory Flashcards
chunking
organizing things into familiar and manageable units, often happens naturally
mnemonics
memory-aids, especially techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Sensory Memory
the immediate, brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Short-Term Working Memory
Activated memory that holds a few items briefly
Long- Term memory
the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes skills, knowledge, and experiences
spacing effect
the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is archived through massed study or practice
testing effect
enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading information..(testing yourself at the end of a chapter to practice retrieval)
Shallow Processing
encoding on a basic level based on the structure or appearance of words
deep processing
encoding semantically, making it meaningful to some one. (the girl doll example)
Priming
hearing something that serves as a gateway to thinking of something else unconsciously
mood congruent
recalling experiences that are consistent with one’s current mood
serial position effect
our tendency to recall best the first and last items in a list
anterograde amnesia
you can recall your past, but you cannot make new memories
retrograde amnesia
an inability to recall memories from the past
Proactive interference
the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of old information
Retroactive interference
when new learning disrupts recall of old information. (not being able to remember original song after remix comes out)
repression
the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciouness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories
misinformation effect
incorporating misleading info into ones memory of an event
source amnesia
attributing to the wrong source an event we have experience, heard about, read about, or imagined. (authors plagiarizing because they think they came up with it)
cognition
all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
concept
a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
prototype
a mental image or best example of a catagory (Mr. Jennerjohn asking us to think of ideal date.)
convergent thinking
narrows the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution
divergent thinking
expands the number of possible problem solutions (creative thinking)
heuristic
a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently, usually speedier but more error-prone. (helping us break down random letters to make a word by using clues..psychology example)
confirmation bias
searching for information that supports our preconceptions and ignoring contradictory evidence
mental set
a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past (me using this brainscape thing)
Intuition
an effortless, immediate decision based on our thoughts and feelings
representativeness heuristic
ignoring relevant information based on stereotypes (truck driver example)
availability heuristic
estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory (casinos make it seem like winning is always)
belief perseverance
clinging to ones initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
