Memory

Question 1

chunking

Answer 1

organizing things into familiar and manageable units, often happens naturally

Question 2

mnemonics

Answer 2

memory-aids, especially techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices

Question 3

Sensory Memory

Answer 3

the immediate, brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

Question 4

Short-Term Working Memory

Answer 4

Activated memory that holds a few items briefly

Question 5

Long- Term memory

Answer 5

the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes skills, knowledge, and experiences

Question 6

spacing effect

Answer 6

the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is archived through massed study or practice

Question 7

testing effect

Answer 7

enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading information..(testing yourself at the end of a chapter to practice retrieval)

Question 8

Shallow Processing

Answer 8

encoding on a basic level based on the structure or appearance of words

Question 9

deep processing

Answer 9

encoding semantically, making it meaningful to some one. (the girl doll example)

Question 10

Priming

Answer 10

hearing something that serves as a gateway to thinking of something else unconsciously

Question 11

mood congruent

Answer 11

recalling experiences that are consistent with one’s current mood

Question 12

serial position effect

Answer 12

our tendency to recall best the first and last items in a list

Question 13

anterograde amnesia

Answer 13

you can recall your past, but you cannot make new memories

Question 14

retrograde amnesia

Answer 14

an inability to recall memories from the past

Question 15

Proactive interference

Answer 15

the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of old information

Question 16

Retroactive interference

Answer 16

when new learning disrupts recall of old information. (not being able to remember original song after remix comes out)

Question 17

repression

Answer 17

the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciouness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

Question 18

misinformation effect

Answer 18

incorporating misleading info into ones memory of an event

Question 19

source amnesia

Answer 19

attributing to the wrong source an event we have experience, heard about, read about, or imagined. (authors plagiarizing because they think they came up with it)

Question 20

cognition

Answer 20

all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

Question 21

concept

Answer 21

a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people

Question 22

prototype

Answer 22

a mental image or best example of a catagory (Mr. Jennerjohn asking us to think of ideal date.)

Question 23

convergent thinking

Answer 23

narrows the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution

Question 24

divergent thinking

Answer 24

expands the number of possible problem solutions (creative thinking)

Question 25

heuristic

Answer 25

a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently, usually speedier but more error-prone. (helping us break down random letters to make a word by using clues..psychology example)

Question 26

confirmation bias

Answer 26

searching for information that supports our preconceptions and ignoring contradictory evidence

Question 27

mental set

Answer 27

a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past (me using this brainscape thing)

Question 28

Intuition

Answer 28

an effortless, immediate decision based on our thoughts and feelings

Question 29

representativeness heuristic

Answer 29

ignoring relevant information based on stereotypes (truck driver example)

Question 30

availability heuristic

Answer 30

estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory (casinos make it seem like winning is always)

Question 31

belief perseverance

Answer 31

clinging to ones initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited