Memory 3

Question 1

Which of the 7 sins of memory are associated with forgetting?

Answer 1

Transience, absentmindedness, blocking

Question 2

What is transience?

Answer 2

Forgetting that occurs with the passage of time.
- rapid forgetting (memory staying for about 1 sec) happens in the sensory and short-term memory stage (stays for about 20 seconds)
- transience often refers to long-term memory.

Question 3

What type of material is subject to transience?

Answer 3

material that is not attended to over time. Most information that is forgotten is forgotten quickly.

Question 4

Why is cramming not good for long-term memory?

Answer 4

because it suffers from transience

Question 5

What is absentmindedness?

Answer 5

A lapse in attention that results in a memory failure. Incorporates encoding failures.

Question 6

How does paying attention to many things at once affect encoding?

Answer 6

It makes it ore difficult

Question 7

When do we not feel the need to encode information?

Answer 7

When it isn’t really important for us to remeber

Question 8

What types of tasks do we experience absentmindedness for?

Answer 8

• semantic tasks showing lower activity in the LEFT lower frontal lobe
• Episodic memories shows lower activity in hippocampus

Question 9

What is blocking?

Answer 9

Failure to retrieve information that is available in memory even though you are trying to produce memory.

Question 10

What phenomenon is blocking associated with?

Answer 10

The tip of the tongue phenomenon

Question 11

With blocking what part of memory is failing?

Answer 11

The information has been encoded and stored but you are experiencing failure of retrieval.

Question 12

When does blocking most often occur?

Answer 12

For names of people and places. AND information that is not strongly associated with related concepts/ knowledge are more likely to be blocked.

Question 13

Which of the 7 sins of memory are associated with distortion?

Answer 13

Misatribution, suggestibility and bias

Question 14

What is misattribution?

Answer 14

assigning a recollection or an idea to the wrong source

Question 15

Which of the sins of memory is most common mistake in eyewitness misidentifications?

Answer 15

Misattribution

Question 16

What is suggestibility?

Answer 16

The tendency to incorporate misleading information from external sources into personal recollections

Question 17

What other sin of memory can suggestibility affect?

Answer 17

misattribution (ex: when people said they watched footage of plane crash when asked, even though footage didn’t exist

Question 18

what is bias?

Answer 18

The distorting influence of present knowledge, beliefs, and feelings on recollection of previous experiences.

Question 19

What are the three types of biases?

Answer 19

• Stereotype bias
• Egocentric bias
• Hindsight bias

Question 20

Give an example of stereotype bias.

Answer 20

if your boss gives you names of doctors and nurses and when asked to recall you say all the females were nurses and all the males were doctors.

Question 21

What is stereotype bias?

Answer 21

Racial and gender biases that affect recall in stereotype consistent ways.

Question 22

What is egocentric bias?

Answer 22

Recalling information in ways that make you look better

Question 23

What is hindsight bias?

Answer 23

Thinking that an outcome was inevitable after the outcome occurred. Ex: seeing something as predictable despite there being little basis for predicting the event before it occured.

Question 24

Which sin of memory is associated with Intrusion?

Answer 24

Persistence

Question 25

What is persistence?

Answer 25

The intrusive recollection of events that we wish we could forget.