Memory 3 Flashcards
Which of the 7 sins of memory are associated with forgetting?
Transience, absentmindedness, blocking
What is transience?
Forgetting that occurs with the passage of time.
- rapid forgetting (memory staying for about 1 sec) happens in the sensory and short-term memory stage (stays for about 20 seconds)
- transience often refers to long-term memory.
What type of material is subject to transience?
material that is not attended to over time. Most information that is forgotten is forgotten quickly.
Why is cramming not good for long-term memory?
because it suffers from transience
What is absentmindedness?
A lapse in attention that results in a memory failure. Incorporates encoding failures.
How does paying attention to many things at once affect encoding?
It makes it ore difficult
When do we not feel the need to encode information?
When it isn’t really important for us to remeber
What types of tasks do we experience absentmindedness for?
- semantic tasks showing lower activity in the LEFT lower frontal lobe
- Episodic memories shows lower activity in hippocampus
What is blocking?
Failure to retrieve information that is available in memory even though you are trying to produce memory.
What phenomenon is blocking associated with?
The tip of the tongue phenomenon
With blocking what part of memory is failing?
The information has been encoded and stored but you are experiencing failure of retrieval.
When does blocking most often occur?
For names of people and places. AND information that is not strongly associated with related concepts/ knowledge are more likely to be blocked.
Which of the 7 sins of memory are associated with distortion?
Misatribution, suggestibility and bias
What is misattribution?
assigning a recollection or an idea to the wrong source
Which of the sins of memory is most common mistake in eyewitness misidentifications?
Misattribution
What is suggestibility?
The tendency to incorporate misleading information from external sources into personal recollections
What other sin of memory can suggestibility affect?
misattribution (ex: when people said they watched footage of plane crash when asked, even though footage didn’t exist
what is bias?
The distorting influence of present knowledge, beliefs, and feelings on recollection of previous experiences.
What are the three types of biases?
- Stereotype bias
- Egocentric bias
- Hindsight bias
Give an example of stereotype bias.
if your boss gives you names of doctors and nurses and when asked to recall you say all the females were nurses and all the males were doctors.
What is stereotype bias?
Racial and gender biases that affect recall in stereotype consistent ways.
What is egocentric bias?
Recalling information in ways that make you look better
What is hindsight bias?
Thinking that an outcome was inevitable after the outcome occurred. Ex: seeing something as predictable despite there being little basis for predicting the event before it occured.
Which sin of memory is associated with Intrusion?
Persistence
What is persistence?
The intrusive recollection of events that we wish we could forget.
