Language and Thought 2

Question 1

What language milestone would you expect to see at 4-6 months?

Answer 1

babbles consonants

Question 2

What language milestones would you expect to see at 6-10 months?

Answer 2

understands some words and simple requests. Can no longer reliably distinguish sounds that are not used in their native language.

Question 3

What language milestones would you expect to see at 10-12 months?

Answer 3

begin to use single words

Question 4

What language milestones would you expect to see at 12-18 months?

Answer 4

Vocabulary of 30-50 words (simple nouns, adjectives, and action words)

Question 5

What language milestones would you expect to see at 18-24 months?

Answer 5

Two-word phrases ordered according to syntactic rules. Vocabulary of 50-200 words. Understands rules.

Question 6

What are functional morphemes used for?

Answer 6

They serve a grammatical purpose. Deal with nouns, places, events.

Question 7

What is fast mapping? At what age does it develop?

Answer 7

At about 2 years children develop the ability to fast map words. The ability to understand a word without hearing it and the ability to reproduce it in the appropriate context.

Question 8

What is an example of fast mapping?

Answer 8

Simon’s daughter read the word fled in a picture book. She had ever seen the word before but the illustration had a picture of Elsa running away. When Simon asked what fled meant, she said to run away.

Question 9

What is overgeneralization?

Answer 9

when you apply the grammatical rules to much, this becomes overgeneralization because it doesn’t work for words like goose and throw

Question 10

What language milestones would you expect to see at 24-36 months?

Answer 10

Vocabulary of about 1,000 words. Production of phrases and incomplete sentences.

Question 11

What language milestones would you expect to see at 36-60 months?

Answer 11

Vocabulary grows to more than 10,000 words. Production of full sentences. Mastery of grammatical morphemes (such as -ed for past tense) and function words (such as the, and, but). Can form questions and negotiations.

Question 12

What is the linguistic relativity hypothesis? Who created it? When?

Answer 12

A language which does not have a linguistic feature will struggle when dealing with related concepts
no past tense —- struggle when thinking about the past. Created by Benjamin Whorf (1956)

Question 13

What did Benjamin wharf believe?

Answer 13

Language shapes the nature of thought

Question 14

How many words do the Inuit have for snow?

Answer 14

11

Question 15

What are the criticisms of the linguistic relativity hypothesis?

Answer 15

a lot of “evidence” for this hypothesis is anecdotal

Question 16

How do we perceive time in English?

Answer 16

Linear

Question 17

How do they perceive time in Chinese?

Answer 17

Vertical

Question 18

Proof for benjamin wharfs theory?

Answer 18

English speakers answered it faster when they first saw the horizontal prime and vice versa. This shows that the way we talk about things influences how we categorize and influence information

Question 19

What is the verdict on the linguistic relativity hypothesis?

Answer 19

Some researchers suggest Worf was “half-right” Language does influence the way we perceive the world

Question 20

What are the 3 types of problem solving?

Answer 20

• Trial and error
  -Algorithm
  -Heuristic

Question 21

What is trial and error?

Answer 21

-puzzles (jigsaw puzzles); connecting to “UBC secure”
- try different solutions till you land on the one that works.

Question 22

What is an algorithm?

Answer 22

Problem-solving formula with step-by-step instructions
- Ikea instruction; google searches

Question 23

What is heuristic problem solving?

Answer 23

Rule-of-thumb/mental shortcut (i.e stereotypes)

Question 24

When doe we use heuristics most?

Answer 24

We use them most often when
– there is too much information
– there is too little time
– we don’t really care (decision unimportant) – there is little information

Question 25

What is a mental set?

Answer 25

approaching a problem in the same way that has worked in the past… but is not working now.

Question 26

What results in mental sets?

Answer 26

biases

Question 27

What is functional fixedness?

Answer 27

Seeing the object of a function as unchanging

Question 28

What is anchoring bias?

Answer 28

using an initial piece of information (the anchor) to make further judgements

Question 29

What is confirmation bias?

Answer 29

Focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs

Question 30

What is representative bias?

Answer 30

Unintentionally stereotyping someone/something because they look like a good representation

Question 31

What is availability heuristic?

Answer 31

Information that is readily available is judged as more likely to have happened.