Memory 1 Flashcards
What does semantic memory do?
relates information in a meaningful way to knowledge that is already stored in your memory.
What is encoding?
Getting information into your head
semantic encoding?
relating information in a meaningful way to knowledge that is already stored in memory
Why is semantic encoding helpful?
Information is better remembered when it is meaningful – the more meaning, the better
What is visual encoding?
Encoding information as images
Which type of encoding relates to the inherent properties of the world?
Visual encoding
Which words are better to encode and recall? examples?
High imagery words (like dog) are easier to encode and recall. Compared to low imagery words (like moral)
How are high imagery words encoded?
semantically and visually
what is acoustic encoding?
encoding sounds that words make
What part of acoustic encoding uses semantic encoding?
rhyming
What are the 2 types of encoding processes?
automatic and effortful
What does effortful encoding require?
energy
What is storage?
the attempted creation of a permanent record of information
What are the stages fo the Attkinson-Shiffrin Model of Memory?
Encoding, Sensory Memory, Short Term memory, Long term memory, retrieval
What does sensory memory hold? for how long?
sensory information (sights, sounds, tastes, textures). From anywhere between 0.5 and 5 seconds
How does sensory memory help us?
helps us interact with and navigate the world but most of the information is useless
What information will be lost from sensory memory?
Any information not attended to
What type of storage is short-term memory?
temporary storage
What does short-term do?
Takes info from sensory info and connects it to longterm memory
When will short-term memory move to long-term memory?
If it is important, rehearsed and semantically encoded
How long does info in short term memory live?
for about 20 seconds (if rehearsed)
When will information remain in the short term memory for longer than 20 secs (about 1 minute)?
As long as it is rehearsed. Rehearsal techniques are like saying things out loud or mentally repeating it.
Is short term memory better for numbers or letters?
Numbers
Is short term memory better for acoustic or visual encoding
Acoustic encoding
Is short term memory infinite? How much can you store?
No, its finite. (about 7 pieces of information)
What type of storage is long term memory?
Continuous storage of information
What is consolidation?
taking information from short-term and putting it in long-term
What are the 2 main types of long-term memory?
explicit and implicit
What is explicit memory called?
declarative memory
What is implicit memory called?
non-declarative memory
What type of memory is episodic memory? (example)
explicit (declarative). Experiences like going to a concert
What type of memory is semantic memory?
Explicit (declarative). Uses the limbic system
What type of memory is procedural memory?
Implicit (non-declarative). Like juggling, brushing teeth, “muscle memory”
What type of memory is emotional conditioning?
Implicit (non-declarative). Conditioning an emotion onto an experience
What is episodic memory based off of?
Pieces of information from the past
If you don’t have episodic memory what will you have difficulty doing?
imagining the future
What is retrieval?
Bringing information out of long-term memory into short term memory.
What are the 3 types of retrieval?
recall, recognition, relearning
What is recall? Example?
retrieving information without any retrieval cues. Short answer questions
What is recognition?
Identify information that you have previously learned. (Multiple choice)
What is retrieval cue?
External information that is associated with stored information
What is an example of a retrieval cue?
Environment or inner state (how you were feeling)
Is retrieval a state-dependent cue?
yes (more likely to remember info if you feel the same as you did when encoding it)
What type of information is a retrieval cue?
external information that is associated with stored information.
Does alcohol disrupt encoding of information?
yes
What is retrieval?
bringing information out of long-term storage into short-term
What is relearning?
relearning information that was previously learned
What does relearning do?
pays dividends
