Memory

Question 1

What is the role of the Central Executive?

Answer 1

Allocates and filters data, is boss of slave components, restricts to two items

Question 2

What is the role of the phonological loop?

Answer 2

Auditory and verbal information, used to repeat or store

Question 3

What is the role of the phonological store?

Answer 3

Auditory information e.g. pitch or loudness

Question 4

What is the role of the Articulatory Process?

Answer 4

Sub vocal repetition, prevents decay

Question 5

What is the role of the visuo spatial sketchpad?

Answer 5

Rehearses visual and spatial information.

Question 6

What is the role of the visual cache?

Answer 6

Stores visual information e.g. colour

Question 7

What is the role of the inner scribe?

Answer 7

Stores information about spatial relationships

Question 8

What is the role of the episodic buffer?

Answer 8

Binds information from different sources, recalls information from LTM and integrates it with STM.

Question 9

What are the three types of long term memory?

Answer 9

Episodic, semantic, procedural

Question 10

What are episodic memories?

Answer 10

Declarative, explicit, ability to recall events, personal memories, e.g. what you had for breakfast

Question 11

What are semantic memories?

Answer 11

Declarative, explicit, knowledge facts and concepts e.g. what a tree is

Question 12

What are procedural memories?

Answer 12

Undeclarative, implicit, learned practical skills, muscle memory, how to do things e.g. walk

Question 13

What are the 2 types of interference?

Answer 13

Proactive, Retroactive

Question 14

What is proactive interference?

Answer 14

Old memories that hinder the recall of new similar memories e.g calling boyfriend by ex’s name

Question 15

What is retroactive interference?

Answer 15

New memories that hinder the recall of old similar memories?

Question 16

What evidence is there for interference?

Answer 16

A group learns a list of adjectives, then they learn another list of different adjectives, list 1 is then recalled, 1.25 adjectives recalled

Question 17

What is the issue and debate for explanations for forgetting?

Answer 17

Nomothetic

Question 18

What are the two types of retrieval failure?

Answer 18

Context dependent forgetting, state dependent forgetting

Question 19

What causes context dependent forgetting?

Answer 19

Due to a lack of environmental cues

Question 20

What evidence is there for context dependent forgetting?

Answer 20

18 divers learnt and recalled a list of words in 4 different conditions e.g. learnt on land recalled underwater, 50% better recall when learnt in same place.

Question 21

What causes state dependent forgetting?

Answer 21

Due to a lack of internal cues e.g. mood, tiredness

Question 22

What evidence is there for state dependent forgetting?

Answer 22

Anti histamines, learnt and recalled list of words, drowsy v alert, poorer recalled when mismatched state cues

Question 23

What are leading questions?

Answer 23

Questions that make it likely that an eyewitnesses schema will influence them to give a desired answer.

Question 24

What is misleading information?

Answer 24

Incorrect information given to the eyewitness that may alter their memory after the event.

Question 25

What is post event discussion?

Answer 25

A misleading conversation after an incident that may alter the memory of the eyewitness.

Question 26

What are the factors affecting EWT?

Answer 26

Leading questions, misleading information, post event discussion

Question 27

What evidence is there for leading questions?

Answer 27

45 students watch car crash, questionnaire, asked how fast the car smashed/contacted the other, 9mph difference in answer depending on verb

Question 28

What evidence is there for misleading information?

Answer 28

Loftus experiment, one week later asked if they saw glass, smashed said yes more than contacted

Question 29

How accurate is recall at low anxiety?

Answer 29

Low as schema has to fill in a lot of gaps due to lack of attention e.g. Loftus car crash

Question 30

How accurate is recall at medium anxiety?

Answer 30

High. In fight or flight, memory clear so no gaps to fill, e.g. canada shooting

Question 31

How accurate is recall at high anxiety?

Answer 31

Low, scared for safety, so memory not priority

Question 32

What does weapon focus cause?

Answer 32

Selective attention due to the anxiety caused by the weapon

Question 33

What evidence is there for weapon focus?

Answer 33

Waiting room, man comes out with greasy pen or knife, recognition of man 49% v 33%

Question 34

What is a cognitive interview?

Answer 34

A police technique for interviewing witneesses

Question 35

What are the 4 parts of a cognitive interview?

Answer 35

Report everything, reinstatement of context, change order, change perspective

Question 36

What is report everything?

Answer 36

Include every detail in report even if irrelevant as many trigger other memories (state cues)

Question 37

What is reinstatement of context?

Answer 37

Returning to scene of the event (environmental cues)

Question 38

What is change order?

Answer 38

Recalling events backwards as stops the expectations to fill in gaps

Question 39

What is change perspective?

Answer 39

Recalled incident from another perspective as disrupts schema

Question 40

What issue/ debate is cognitive interview?

Answer 40

Nomothetic

Question 41

Draw the Multi Store Model

Answer 41

Sensory register, STM, LTM, decay, displacement, interference, retrieval failure

Question 42

What is the code, capacity and duration of the sensory register?

Answer 42

Sense specific, very large, 1/4 second

Question 43

What is the code, capacity and duration of STM?

Answer 43

Acoustic (cat, mat list A 10% ), 7+/- 2 (digits increase) , 18 - 30 seconds (trigram count backwards 10% - 0%)

Question 44

What is the code, capacity and duration of the LTM?

Answer 44

Semantic (cat, mat list C, 50%) , unlimited, lifetime (highschool, 15+ 90% recall)