Approaches Flashcards
What 4 ways can prove an experiment is scientific?
Falsifiability, Objectivity, Reliability, Empirical Methods
What is a paradigm?
A shared set of assumptions about a subject
What is a paradigm shift?
Progress from one paradigm to the next due to scientific revolution
What is part of the psychodynamic approach?
Mind, states of personality, childhood experiences, the psychosexual stages, defense mechanisms
Why is a persons unconscious important?
As it determines their behaviour
Name thew three levels of the mind.
The conscious, pre-conscious and sub-conscious
Name the 3 structures of personality.
The id (primitive, pleasure, instincts fro birth), the superego (moral standards, phallic stage), the ego (resolves conflict between id and superego, anal stage)
What does the psychodynamic approach suggest if a child had a distressing experience?
Will become unconscious and expressed as abnormal behaviours
What are the 5 psychosexual stages?
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency and Genital
Describe the oral stage
0-1, primary source of pleasure mouth, smoking fixation
Describe the anal stage.
1-3, toilet training common, pleasure through membrane of anus, fixation overly clean
Describe the phallic stage.
3-6, pleasure involves genitals, oedipus complex
Describe the latency stage
6-12, development of other activities, conflicts repressed so little remembered, less concentration on genitals
Describe the genital stage
12+, pleasure through heterosexual relationships, fixation kissing and oral sex
What are the 3 defense mechanisms?
Repression (forced into unconscious), denial , displacement (redirection of emotion)
Name the parts of the parts of the behaviorist approach.
Classical conditioning, operant conditioning,
Describe classical conditioning
Learning through association, Pavlov dogs and bell, timing important, extinction
What is spontaneous recovery?
Behaviours displayed believed to be extinct
What is generalisation?
The conditioned stimulus could be generalised to other stimuli
Describe operant conditioning
Learning through consequence, Skinners rats, reinforcement and punishment
What is positive reinforcement?
When a behaviour produces a consequence that is pleasant, it will increase the likelihood of it being repeated (removal also increases)
What are the 5 schedules of reinforcement?
Continious, fixed ratio, fixed interval, variable ratio, variable interval
What are the parts of social learning theory?
Mediational processes, Banduras bobo doll, modelling, imitation, identification, vicarious reinforcement
What are the 4 mediational processes?
Attention, retention, motivation, reproduction
