Memory Flashcards
Information processing
Taking sensory information and changing it, like a computer to produce an output
Input
Where information enters the body through the senses
Encoding
Information is transformed into a format that we can understand. For example, sound waves being transformed into music
Storage
Where information is kept within the brain
Retrieval
Recalling information from where it is stored in memory
Output
Using the information that you have retrieved
Short-term memory
This store has limited capacity and duration and is where information goes from the sensory store if attention is paid to it
Long-term memory
This has unlimited capacity and duration is potentially forever, and is where information goes from STM to be permanently stored
Sensory store
Where information goes first and is held there briefly
Attention
This allows us to select information, which is then encoded
Decay
The fading of information that is not paid attention to until it is forgotten
Capacity
The amount of space available to store information
Duration
How long information can be stored for
Displacement
Information that is already in short-term memory is pushed out by new information, once the store becomes full
Maintenance rehearsal
This process refers to repeating information so that it stays in storage
Shallow processing
Trying to remember material through rote memorisation, repetition, rereading, and highlighting
Deep processing
Actively engaging with the material to be learned, making connections to prior knowledge, and creating mental associations that provide context and meaning
Hypotheses
Statements predicting what research results will show before it is carried out
Independent variables
Something the researcher changes or manipulates
Dependent variables
Something that is measured to see if it has changed
Experiments
Methods of collecting data which measures the effect of an IV on a DV by controlling other variables
Repeated measures design
An experimental design where participants take part in each condition
Independent measures design
An experimental design where participants are different in each condition
Accessibility problems
When a stored memory is not easy to be retrieved at a given point in time
Availability problems
Some memories and facts are spontaneously retrieved, whereas others take intentional effort and reflection to retrieve
