Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What is the multi-store model?

A

Sensory input first moves to our sensory register, however 95% of it is dumped. It then goes into our short term memory, where it is either dumped or put through maintenance rehearsal where it can eventually be moved to long term memory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What sort of model is the multi-store model?

A

It is a computer model using the terminology of a computer, and also comparing human mental processes to how a computer works.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a sequential process?

A

It has to follow one step after another, and all steps must be followed in order.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the capacity, duration and coding of sensory registration?

A

Capacity - unlimited.
Duration - half a second, 500 milliseconds.
Coding - modality based (senses).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is memory ‘displacement’?

A

Our STM has a small number of items it can hold and manipulate at once, so when new information is learned, older items are either moved or pushed out of our STM, displacing them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the Digit Span Technique?

A

A set of digits are shown to you, and the screen goes blank shortly after. You must remember these digits and repeat them. This is repeated with longer sets of digits each time until the participant fails.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What capacity for digits and letters did Jacobs find?

A

9.3 for digits and 7.3 for letters.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How can the capacity for STM be increased?

A

If we chunk information together, even more so if we can apply meaning to it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Millers magical number?

A

7 + or -2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the duration of LTM?

A

Indefinite.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does the STM code?

A

Mainly acoustically.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does the LTM code?

A

Mainly semantically.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the components of working memory?

A

Central Executive
Visuo-spatial sketchpad
Phonological loop
Episodic buffer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the central executive?

A
  • In charge
  • Allocates tasks
  • Monitors and coordinates
  • Actively processes and assigns tasks.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Wnat is the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

A
  • Codes visual information in terms of separate objects as well as their arrangement in visual fields.
  • Visual cache, store for objects.
    Inner scribe deals with spatial relations.
  • Used when you have to plan a spacial task.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the phonological loop?

A
  • Deals with auditory info.
  • Preserves order of info.
  • Silently looped like an inner voice.
  • Inner ear holds last thing you heard.
  • Inner voice prepares words for speech.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the episodic buffer?

A
  • General store for the C.E.
  • Accesses LTM.
  • Integrates all info.
  • Processes memories in all modalities.
  • Maintains a sense of time sequencing.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the criteria for dual tasking?

A

1) at least one task is easy
2) the tasks use different sub components.

19
Q

What are the types of LTM?

A
  • Episodic memory
  • Semantic memory
  • Procedural memory.
20
Q

What are the sub types of LTM?

A

Explicit and implicit.

21
Q

What is episodic memory?

A
  • Explicit memory
  • Personal memory of events
  • Includes personal contextual activities
  • Includes emotional details
22
Q

What is semantic memory?

A
  • Explicit memory.
  • Facts and knowledge you know.
  • Shared by everyone, not personal.
23
Q

What is procedural memory?

A
  • Implicit memory.
  • Memory for how to do things
  • Automatic due to repetition and practice.
  • Allows us to focus on tasks at the other time.
24
Q

What are the theories of forgetting?

A
  • Interference
  • Retrieval failure
25
Q

What is interference?

A

When two similar memories get confused with one another, preventing recall.

26
Q

Difference between proactive and retroactive interference.

A
  • Proactive interference is older memories preventing newer memories.
  • Retroactive interference is newer memories preventing older memories.
27
Q

What is retrieval failure?

A

Forgetting due to the absence of cues. Information is available but not accessible.

28
Q

What is a cue?

A

Anything that acts as a trigger for the memory.

29
Q

What are the types of cue?

A
  • Contextual cues.
  • State dependent cues.
30
Q

What is the encoding specificity principle?

A

Recall will be better if more cues from the learning event are present at recall. The cues don’t have to be exact, similar ones work too.

31
Q

What is eyewitness testimony?

A

Evidence from a witness to an incident, presented to the police / court.

32
Q

Factors affecting EWT.

A
  • Anxiety
  • Personal circumstances - emotional attachment
  • Incentives
  • Misleading information
  • Mental health
  • Impact of event
  • Under influence
  • Lapse between event and recall.
33
Q

What is misleading information?

A

Any detail provided by others that could result in a witness incorrectly recalling what they saw.

34
Q

What is post-event discussion?

A

Talking with other witnesses after the event.

35
Q

What are leading questions?

A

A question phrased in a way to gain a specific response.

36
Q

How may leading questions and post-event discussions affect EWT?

A

LQ’s - influence how witnesses respond based on phrasing.
PED’s - people may report things they didn’t see, misinformation.

37
Q

What is anxiety?

A

Negative emotions related to an event.

38
Q

What is the cognitive interview technique?

A

A series of methods designed to gain maximum correct info and minimum false info.

39
Q

What are the four methods of CIT?

A

1) mental reinstatement
2) report everything
3) change order
4) change perspective

40
Q

What is mental reinstatement?

A

A mental recreation of the scene in order to trigger any cues which may help remember details.

41
Q

What is report everything?

A

Encouraging every single detail of the event in order to piece together a clearer picture.

42
Q

What is change order?

A

Trying alternate ways through the event, limiting the effect of a self-schema.

43
Q

What is change perspective?

A

Recalling the event from multiple witnesses perspectives, disrupting the effect of a schema.

Psychology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions