Issues And Debates Flashcards
What is holism
An argument or theory that proposes it only makes sense to study an indivisible system rather than its constituent parts.
What is reductionism
The belief that human behaviour is best explained by breaking it down into smaller constituent parts.
What is biological reductionism
It explains social and psychological behaviour at a lower biological level
What is environmental reductionism
It explains all behaviour in stimulus-response links.
What did Gestalt psychologists claim, that became the basis of holism
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
What are levels of explanation
They suggest that there are different ways of viewing the same phenomena in psychology.
What are the different levels of explanation
Social and cultural, psychological, biological
What is gender bias
The tendency to treat one individual or group in a different way than others based on their gender.
What is universality
Any underlying characteristic of human beings that is capable of being applied to all.
What is alpha bias
Suggests that there are real, enduring differences between men and women, often undervaluing women.
What is beta bias
Ignoring or minimising differences between the sexes
What are women’s’ third option apart from fight or flight?
Tend and befriend, which is ignored due to beta bias
What is androcentrism
Male-centred, when behaviour is judged by male standards and female behaviour is abnormal.
What is cultural bias
Refers to a tendency to ignore cultural differences and interpret all phenomena through the lens of one’s own culture.
What is ethnocentrism
Judging other cultures by the standard of one’s own culture.