Memory

Question 1

elaborative encoding

Answer 1

link to stuff already in memory to encode

Question 2

semantic encoding

Answer 2

put stuff in a meaningful context to encode

Question 3

self-referential effect

Answer 3

we remember stuff best when it is in the context of our own lives

Question 4

maintenance rehearsal

Answer 4

repetition of information to keep it in working memory longer

Question 5

Mnemonics

Answer 5

memorize via acronyms or lists

Question 6

method of loci

Answer 6

associating each item in a list with a location along a route that has been memorized

Question 7

peg-word system

Answer 7

associated numbers with items that resemble or rhyme with the numbers

Question 8

chunking

Answer 8

grouping together individual elements of a list

Question 9

sensory memory

Answer 9

lasts <1s, iconic and echoic, maintained by projection areas, test via whole report/partial report

Question 10

partial report

Answer 10

list letters of particular row immediately after stimulus

Question 11

short term memory

Answer 11

30 s, 7 +- 2 items, in the hippocampus

Question 12

working memory

Answer 12

in the hippocampus, able to manipulate short term information in a limited manner

Question 13

long term memory

Answer 13

in the cortex, limitless, several types (implicit, explicit)

Question 14

elaborative rehearsal

Answer 14

associating information to knowledge already in long term memory in order to store it

Question 15

implicit memory

Answer 15

skills, habits, conditioned responses, procedural memory, priming

Question 16

priming

Answer 16

presentation of one stimulus affects perception of another

Question 17

positive priming

Answer 17

exposure to the first increases processing of the second stimulus

Question 18

negative priming

Answer 18

exposure to prime decreases processing of second stimulus

Question 19

explicit memory

Answer 19

episodic, semantic, autobiographical

Question 20

flashbulb memory

Answer 20

vivid recollection of state after emotionally rousing event

Question 21

retrieval

Answer 21

recall + recognition

Question 22

spreading activation

Answer 22

recall cue spreads though semantic network of connected concepts until desired target is reached

Question 23

context effect

Answer 23

memory aided by being in the physical location where encoding took place

Question 24

state-dependent effect

Answer 24

memory aided by being in the same mental state as when the encoding took place

Question 25

source monitoring

Answer 25

determining the origin of a memory

Question 26

serial position effect

Answer 26

better at remembering the first and last things on a llist

Question 27

decay

Answer 27

memory is lost overtime, modeled by a retention function where memory initially drops sharply then gradually decreases over time

Question 28

interference

Answer 28

retrieval error caused by the existence of other information already in memory

Question 29

proactive interference

Answer 29

old information interferes with new learning

Question 30

retroactive interference

Answer 30

new information causes forgetting of old information

Question 31

reproductive memory

Answer 31

accurate recall of past events

Question 32

reconstructive memory

Answer 32

cognitive processes affect the process of remembering

Question 33

false memory

Answer 33

incorrect recall of actual events or recall of events that never happened

Question 34

recovered memories

Answer 34

repressed memories spontaneously recovered via psychotherapy

Question 35

misinformation effect

Answer 35

recall becomes less accurate because of inflection of outside into into the memory

Question 36

intrusion error

Answer 36

false memories where a detail is inserted into an existing memory

Question 37

source monitoring error

Answer 37

cannot remember the context of the memory

Question 38

pruning

Answer 38

removing unused synaptic connections