Learning

Question 1

Classical conditioning

Answer 1

uses instinctual responses to create associations between unrelated stimuli

Question 2

Operant conditioning

Answer 2

consequences of behaviors change the frequency of behaviors

Question 3

reinforcement

Answer 3

increases the likelihood of an action happening

Question 4

punishment

Answer 4

decreases the likelihood of an action happening

Question 5

positive (punishment/reinforcement)

Answer 5

adding something to promote or reduce a behavior

Question 6

negative (punishment/reinforcement)

Answer 6

taking something away to promote or reduce a behavior

Question 7

escape learning

Answer 7

animal attempts to flee from unpleasant stimulus

Question 8

avoidance learning

Answer 8

animal attempts to avoid experiencing an unpleasant stimulus

Question 9

primary reinforcer

Answer 9

a reinforcer that the animal innately responds to

Question 10

secondary reinforcer

Answer 10

a reinforcer that the animal is conditioned to respond to

Question 11

discriminative stimulus

Answer 11

there is a potential for a reward in the senario

Question 12

fixed ratio schedule

Answer 12

reinforce after specific number of instances of behavior

Question 13

variable ratio schedule

Answer 13

reinforce after variable instances of behavior. THIS IS THE BEST FOR FAST LEARNING AND RESISTANCE TO EXTINCTION

Question 14

fixed interval schedule

Answer 14

reinforce the first instant after a set time period

Question 15

variable interval schedule

Answer 15

reinforce after variable sets of time have passed

Question 16

Shaping

Answer 16

rewarding behaviors increasingly close to an ideal

Question 17

latent learning

Answer 17

no reward during learning but can spontaneously show behavior is a reward is presented

Question 18

preparedness

Answer 18

it is easier to teach animals stuff that is in line with their innate responses

Question 19

observational learning

Answer 19

learning by watching, mirror neurons are important