Memory 1

Question 1

Free recall tests

Answer 1

Reproducing material from memory in an unconstrained way

Question 2

Cued recall tests

Answer 2

Reproducing a specific item from memory when provided with a specific cue

Question 3

Recognition tests

Answer 3

Deciding whether you have seen something previously when it is presented to you again

Question 4

What is an implicit memory test?

Answer 4

Participant doesn’t know their memory is being tested

Question 5

What is an explicit memory test?

Answer 5

Participant knows their memory is being testes

Question 6

Assume that standard laboratory tests vs real world are …. cognitive processes

Answer 6

Broadly the same

Question 7

Conclusion from William James’ (1890) types of memory study

Answer 7

Primary and secondary memory exists

Question 8

Primary memory

Answer 8

Sensations last for a short amount of time after the stimulus is removed
eg. closing eyes and recalling a screen

Question 9

Secondary memory

Answer 9

The knoledge of a former state of mind once it had dropped from consciousness
eg. what you had for breakfast yesterday

Question 10

Duration of sensory memory

Answer 10

Milliseconds

Question 11

Duration of short term memory

Answer 11

Seconds

Question 12

Duration of long term memory

Answer 12

Hours/ months

Question 13

Duration of semantic memory

Answer 13

Years

Question 14

Duration of episodic memory

Answer 14

Milliseconds to months

Question 15

Modal multistore model of memory

Answer 15

Describes a clear split between 3 memory systems

Question 16

Modal multistore model of memory- sensory registers

Answer 16

Brief sensory stored
eg. iconic memory, echoic memory

Question 17

Modal multistore model of memory-short term store

Answer 17

Primary memory
Held for seconds
Maintained by rehearsal
Limited capacity and duration

Question 18

Modal multistore model of memory-long term store

Answer 18

Secondary memory
Unlimited capacity and duration

Question 19

Jevons (1871) power of numerical discrimination

Answer 19

throw a handful of beads onto a black tray containing a white box
Count the number of beans in the white box
Accurate up to 8/9 then only right half the tie

Question 20

Averbach (1963)

Answer 20

Uses a tachistoscope to display patterns of dots at brief intervals masked by an erasing pattern
Estimated dots as a function of total number and variable interval

Question 21

Estimation span of apprehension

Answer 21

Averback found that with extra viewing time the number of dots that could be counted increased
When more than 8 dots were presented, extra viewing time makes relatively little difference
Suggests limiting factor is the size of visual memory

Question 22

Sperling (1960) partial report procedure

Answer 22

When asked to recall grid of 12 items maximum recall was 4 or 5
If there is an immediate cue to remember one row, performance is close to 100%
If recall is deletes by 1 second after stimulus performance is back down to 30%

Question 23

Sperling- interpretation & issues

Answer 23

Taken to support the idea of a brief sensory store
But…
Results could be interpreted with output interference (happens when participant starts saying other items)
Sperling estimated capacity as 9 items but can be more if cued
Duration may be longer than Sperling’s estimates
Does the memory space need a separate store or could it be the same as traditional short term memory?