Language and reading- word recognition

Question 1

Mental lexicon

Answer 1

The store of knowledge about the words of a. language

Question 2

Eye-tracking

Answer 2

Measure how long people actually spend looking at a word when reading

Question 3

Lexical decision task

Answer 3

Measure how long people take to indicate that a string of letter is/isn’t a word

Question 4

Naming task

Answer 4

Measure how long people take to start saying a word

Question 5

Priming

Answer 5

Briefly presented with another word before a lexical decision task speeds up response

Question 6

Factors affecting word recognition

Answer 6

Word frequency
Predictability
Neighbourhood effects

Question 7

Word frequency (word recognition)

Answer 7

Commonly used words are more easily recognised

Question 8

Predictability (word recognition)

Answer 8

Predictable words are more easily recognised

Question 9

Neighbourhood effects

Answer 9

Word identification can be faster earn similar words exist in the language

Question 10

What is orthography

Answer 10

Information about the spelling of words

Question 11

Orthographic neighbourhood

Answer 11

The number of words that can be formed by changing one letter of a word and maintaining letter position

Question 12

Phonological neighbourhood

Answer 12

The number of words that can be formed by changing one phoneme of a word

Question 13

Logogen model

Answer 13

A logogen is a word detector
Each logogen has an activation threshold which needs to be met before it fires
High frequency words have a lower threshold for firing

Question 14

Word superiority effect

Answer 14

Task: asking which letter was seen
First shown as a single letter then as a letter within a word
10% improvement in performance with whole word compared to letter
Conclusion: easier to identify a letter in context of a word rather than in isolation

Question 15

Interactive activation model

Answer 15

Different connections are excitatory or inhibitory
Pathways are letter/ shapes of a word (see photo)
Developed to explain the word superiority effect

Question 16

Transposed letter priming types and speeds

Answer 16

Fastest -> slowest
Identity prime, transposed letter prime, substitution prime

Question 17

Routes in the dual route model

Answer 17

Direct route or phonological route

Question 18

Dual route model- direct route

Answer 18

Connects visually presented word to the word’s mental representation (mental lexicon)
Used for high frequency or familiar words

Question 19

Dual route model- phonological route

Answer 19

Accesses the mental representations of words by using grapheme to phoneme conversion rules
Used for low frequency words an non-words

Question 20

Dual-route and dyslexia

Answer 20

Problems withe each route leads to different types of dyslexia

Question 21

Phonological dyslexia

Answer 21

Difficulties with reading non-words
Requires use of some process of decoding

Question 22

Surface dyslexia

Answer 22

Problems reading irregular words
Use lexical route when presented with an irregular words
Selective deficit of lexical route