Membrane Transport

Question 1

The boundary between the cells intracellular spaces and the extracellular matrix

Answer 1

Cell membrane

Question 2

What is the permeability of the Plasma Membrane?

Answer 2

Differentially(selectively) permeable

Question 3

Factors that determine how a substance may be transported across the plasma membrane

Answer 3

• Size
• Polarity (polar/non-polar)
• Solubility

Question 4

Governs all biological systems. “Universe tends towards disorder(entropy). Movement from high to low concentration

Answer 4

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Question 5

Diffusion of small, relatively hydrophobic molecules across a phospholipid bilayer at significant rates.

Answer 5

Passive Diffusion

Question 6

Molecules that can diffuse through the plasma membrane

Answer 6

Gases, Water molecule, Lipids, lipid soluble molecules, Small non-charged molecules

Question 7

Diffusion with the aid of proteins that do not interact with the hydrophobic interior

Answer 7

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 8

Diffusion used by biological molecules that are unable to dissolve in the hydrophobic interior. No energy needed

Answer 8

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 9

Facilitated = __________
Open Channel = __________

Answer 9

With help
fast transport

Question 10

Passage of materials aided by both a concentration gradient and a transport protein

Answer 10

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 11

Protein that transport glucose in and out of the cell. Mostly found on erythrocytes.

Answer 11

Glucose Transporters

Question 12

Two kind of transport proteins:

Answer 12

1. Carrier Proteins
2. Channel Proteins

Question 13

Bind specific molecules, undergo conformational change to release molecule.

Answer 13

Carrier Proteins

Question 14

Transport protein that form open pores for free diffusion, found in gap junctions

Answer 14

Channel Proteins

Question 15

Bond and drag molecules through the lipid bilayer and releases them on the other side.

Answer 15

Carrier proteins

Question 16

Channel Proteins allow:

Answer 16

ions, small solutes, and water

Question 17

Facilitated Diffusion is limited due to:

Answer 17

Presence of protein channels

Question 18

Carrier proteins allows:

Answer 18

glucose and amino acids

Question 19

Functions of Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 19

• Food for cell respiration
• Communication of neurons
• Small intestine food transport to the bloodstream
• Muscle cells contract

Question 20

Protein corridors that allow the fast movement of water molecules across the membrane.

Answer 20

Aquaporins

Question 21

Protein pores used by the cells during Osmosis

Answer 21

Aquaporins

Question 22

Diffusion of water across a differently permeable membrane

Answer 22

Osmosis

Question 23

Pressure that develops in a system due to osmosis

Answer 23

Osmotic Pressure

Question 24

Different concentrations of water

Answer 24

1. Hypertonic
2. Isotonic
3. Hypotonic

Question 25

Equal water and solution mixture

Answer 25

Isotonic

Question 26

Less solute, more water

Answer 26

Hypotonic

Question 27

More solute, less water

Answer 27

Hypertonic

Question 28

Animal cell and plant cell state when force in a hypotonic solution

Answer 28

Lysed, Turgid

Question 29

State of animal cells and plant cells in an isotonic solution:

Answer 29

Normal, Flaccid

Question 30

State of animal cells and plant cells in a hypertonic solution

Answer 30

Shriveled, Plasmolyzed

Question 31

Organelle that pumps the water out of the cell with the help of ATP

Answer 31

Contractile Vacuole

Question 32

A unicellular organism that live constantly on Hypotonic state of water

Answer 32

Paramecium cells

Question 33

Molecules that passively diffuse down their electrochemical gradient through channels that cross the lipid bilayer.

Answer 33

Non-lipid soluble substances

Question 34

Regulates the opening and closing of voltage gated channels:

Answer 34

Membrane Potential

Question 35

Voltage regulates the opening and closing of ____________ channel

Answer 35

Voltage-Gated Channel

Question 36

Gated channel that activates to a stimuli created by ligand

Answer 36

Ligand-Gated Channel

Question 37

Gated channel proteins that act to a specific stimuli

Answer 37

Specific-Activated Channels

Question 38

Permits the passage of ions and small polar molecules through the membranes of bacteria

Answer 38

Porins

Question 39

Mediates the passage of ions across plasma membranes

Answer 39

Ion channels

Question 40

Channels that open in response to the binding of neurotransmitters or other signaling molecules

Answer 40

Ligand-Gated channels

Question 41

Channels that open in response to changes in electric potential across the plasma

Answer 41

Voltage-gated channels

Question 42

Protein channels that open or close depending on the presence or absence of physical or chemical stimulus (released by neurotransmitters)

Answer 42

Gated Channels

Question 43

if not present, the gated channels are closed

Answer 43

Neurotransmitters

Question 44

Diffusion that allows molecules to move against the concentration gradient

Answer 44

Active Transport

Question 45

Importance of Active Transport

Answer 45

1. Brings essential molecules 2. Rid cells of unwanted molecules 3. Maintain internal conditions 4. Regulate cell count 5. Re-establish concentration gradient

Question 46

2 groups of active transport

Answer 46

1. Primary Active Transport 2. Secondary Active Transport

Question 47

Active transport that uses ATP to stimulate the protein that moves substances against the concentration gradient from an area of low to high concentration

Answer 47

Primary Active Transport

Question 48

Active transport that uses two channel proteins and the energy of a molecule that diffuses passively to move another molecule against the concentration gradient.

Answer 48

Secondary Active Transport

Question 49

Class of Secondary Active Transport that moves two molecules in the same direction across a concentration gradient

Answer 49

Symporter

Question 50

A secondary molecule utilizes the energy from a primary molecule that diffuses passively to move to a similar direction

Answer 50

Symporter

Question 51

Two substances move against each other across the plasma membrane

Answer 51

Antiporter

Question 52

One of the substance moves passively down its concentration gradient while the second substance uses ATP to move against its concentration gradient across the plasma membrane.

Answer 52

Antiporter

Question 53

Transporter that can only transport a single molecule using facilitated diffusion of glucose

Answer 53

Uniporter

Question 54

Cotransport proteins:

Answer 54

Symport and Antiport

Question 55

Transports of molecules outside the cell and keeps macromolecules contained

Answer 55

Vesicle Formation

Question 56

Formation of vesicles as a way to transport molecules out of the cell

Answer 56

Exocytosis

Question 57

The substances that are transported by exocytosis

Answer 57

Neurotransmitters, hormones, and digestive enzymes

Question 58

This is how many hormones are secreted and how nerve cells communicate with each other

Answer 58

Exocytosis of proteins

Question 59

Vesicles form as a way to transport molecules into the cell

Answer 59

Endocytosis

Question 60

Endocytosis of Large particulate matter (e.g. Bacteria, viruses, or dead cells) also known as "Cell Eating"

Answer 60

Phagocytosis

Question 61

Endocytosis of liquids and small particles dissolved in liquid (cell drinking).

Answer 61

Pinocytosis

Question 62

Ligand-receptor complexes triggers infolding of a clathrin pit that forms a vesicle containing ligands such as: vitamins, hormones, and anti-bodies

Answer 62

Receptor Mediated Endocytosis

Question 63

Most common form of endocytosis. Materials dissolved in water to be brought into the cell.

Answer 63

Pinocytosis

Question 64

Vesicles that are used to move molecules inside the cell are coated with the protein ________

Answer 64

Clathrin

Question 65

A form of pinocytosis, provides a mechanism for the selective uptake of specific macromolecules.

Answer 65

Receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 66

Specialized regions of the plasma membrane where specific cell receptors are found

Answer 66

Clathrin-coated pits

Question 67

A membrane associated with GTP-binding protein that assists the budding off of the pits from the plasma membrane

Answer 67

Dynamin

Question 68

Clathrin-coated pits occupy about ________% of the surface area of plasma membranes

Answer 68

1% - 2%

Question 69

Vesicles with tubular extensions located at the periphery of the cells that fuse with clathrin-coated vesicles.

Answer 69

Endosomes

Question 70

Maintains the acid internal pH caused by the action of a membrane H+ pump.

Answer 70

Endosomes

Question 71

A phenomenon where receptor-ligand complexes are removed from the plasma membrane, terminating the response of the cell to growth factor stimulation

Answer 71

Receptor-down regulation

Question 72

Phagosomes that infused fused to lysosomes, contains lysosomal acid hydrolases that digest ingested material.

Answer 72

Phagolysosomes

Question 73

Moves chlorine ions outside of the cell

Answer 73

CFTR Channels

Question 74

Disease caused by the failure of CFTR channels to pump chlorine out of the cells that leads to the build-up of sticky mucus on the outside of the cell

Answer 74

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 75

Cystic Fibrosis can be passed through?

Answer 75

Genetics/Trait Inheritance