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Gen. Physiology - Midterms > Membrane Transport > Flashcards

Membrane Transport Flashcards

1
Q

The boundary between the cells intracellular spaces and the extracellular matrix

A

Cell membrane

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2
Q

What is the permeability of the Plasma Membrane?

A

Differentially(selectively) permeable

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3
Q

Factors that determine how a substance may be transported across the plasma membrane

A
  • Size
  • Polarity (polar/non-polar)
  • Solubility
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4
Q

Governs all biological systems. “Universe tends towards disorder(entropy). Movement from high to low concentration

A

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

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5
Q

Diffusion of small, relatively hydrophobic molecules across a phospholipid bilayer at significant rates.

A

Passive Diffusion

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6
Q

Molecules that can diffuse through the plasma membrane

A

Gases, Water molecule, Lipids, lipid soluble molecules, Small non-charged molecules

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7
Q

Diffusion with the aid of proteins that do not interact with the hydrophobic interior

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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8
Q

Diffusion used by biological molecules that are unable to dissolve in the hydrophobic interior. No energy needed

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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9
Q

Facilitated = __________
Open Channel = __________

A

With help
fast transport

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10
Q

Passage of materials aided by both a concentration gradient and a transport protein

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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11
Q

Protein that transport glucose in and out of the cell. Mostly found on erythrocytes.

A

Glucose Transporters

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12
Q

Two kind of transport proteins:

A
  1. Carrier Proteins
  2. Channel Proteins
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13
Q

Bind specific molecules, undergo conformational change to release molecule.

A

Carrier Proteins

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14
Q

Transport protein that form open pores for free diffusion, found in gap junctions

A

Channel Proteins

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15
Q

Bond and drag molecules through the lipid bilayer and releases them on the other side.

A

Carrier proteins

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16
Q

Channel Proteins allow:

A

ions, small solutes, and water

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17
Q

Facilitated Diffusion is limited due to:

A

Presence of protein channels

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18
Q

Carrier proteins allows:

A

glucose and amino acids

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19
Q

Functions of Facilitated Diffusion

A
  • Food for cell respiration
  • Communication of neurons
  • Small intestine food transport to the bloodstream
  • Muscle cells contract
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20
Q

Protein corridors that allow the fast movement of water molecules across the membrane.

A

Aquaporins

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21
Q

Protein pores used by the cells during Osmosis

A

Aquaporins

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22
Q

Diffusion of water across a differently permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

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23
Q

Pressure that develops in a system due to osmosis

A

Osmotic Pressure

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24
Q

Different concentrations of water

A
  1. Hypertonic
  2. Isotonic
  3. Hypotonic
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25
Q

Equal water and solution mixture

A

Isotonic

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26
Q

Less solute, more water

A

Hypotonic

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27
Q

More solute, less water

A

Hypertonic

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28
Q

Animal cell and plant cell state when force in a hypotonic solution

A

Lysed, Turgid

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29
Q

State of animal cells and plant cells in an isotonic solution:

A

Normal, Flaccid

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30
Q

State of animal cells and plant cells in a hypertonic solution

A

Shriveled, Plasmolyzed

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31
Q

Organelle that pumps the water out of the cell with the help of ATP

A

Contractile Vacuole

32
Q

A unicellular organism that live constantly on Hypotonic state of water

A

Paramecium cells

33
Q

Molecules that passively diffuse down their electrochemical gradient through channels that cross the lipid bilayer.

A

Non-lipid soluble substances

34
Q

Regulates the opening and closing of voltage gated channels:

A

Membrane Potential

35
Q

Voltage regulates the opening and closing of ____________ channel

A

Voltage-Gated Channel

36
Q

Gated channel that activates to a stimuli created by ligand

A

Ligand-Gated Channel

37
Q

Gated channel proteins that act to a specific stimuli

A

Specific-Activated Channels

38
Q

Permits the passage of ions and small polar molecules through the membranes of bacteria

A

Porins

39
Q

Mediates the passage of ions across plasma membranes

A

Ion channels

40
Q

Channels that open in response to the binding of neurotransmitters or other signaling molecules

A

Ligand-Gated channels

41
Q

Channels that open in response to changes in electric potential across the plasma

A

Voltage-gated channels

42
Q

Protein channels that open or close depending on the presence or absence of physical or chemical stimulus (released by neurotransmitters)

A

Gated Channels

43
Q

if not present, the gated channels are closed

A

Neurotransmitters

44
Q

Diffusion that allows molecules to move against the concentration gradient

A

Active Transport

45
Q

Importance of Active Transport

A
  1. Brings essential molecules
  2. Rid cells of unwanted molecules
  3. Maintain internal conditions
  4. Regulate cell count
  5. Re-establish concentration gradient
46
Q

2 groups of active transport

A
  1. Primary Active Transport
  2. Secondary Active Transport
47
Q

Active transport that uses ATP to stimulate the protein that moves substances against the concentration gradient from an area of low to high concentration

A

Primary Active Transport

48
Q

Active transport that uses two channel proteins and the energy of a molecule that diffuses passively to move another molecule against the concentration gradient.

A

Secondary Active Transport

49
Q

Class of Secondary Active Transport that moves two molecules in the same direction across a concentration gradient

A

Symporter

50
Q

A secondary molecule utilizes the energy from a primary molecule that diffuses passively to move to a similar direction

A

Symporter

51
Q

Two substances move against each other across the plasma membrane

A

Antiporter

52
Q

One of the substance moves passively down its concentration gradient while the second substance uses ATP to move against its concentration gradient across the plasma membrane.

A

Antiporter

53
Q

Transporter that can only transport a single molecule using facilitated diffusion of glucose

A

Uniporter

54
Q

Cotransport proteins:

A

Symport and Antiport

55
Q

Transports of molecules outside the cell and keeps macromolecules contained

A

Vesicle Formation

56
Q

Formation of vesicles as a way to transport molecules out of the cell

A

Exocytosis

57
Q

The substances that are transported by exocytosis

A

Neurotransmitters, hormones, and digestive enzymes

58
Q

This is how many hormones are secreted and how nerve cells communicate with each other

A

Exocytosis of proteins

59
Q

Vesicles form as a way to transport molecules into the cell

A

Endocytosis

60
Q

Endocytosis of Large particulate matter (e.g. Bacteria, viruses, or dead cells) also known as “Cell Eating”

A

Phagocytosis

61
Q

Endocytosis of liquids and small particles dissolved in liquid (cell drinking).

A

Pinocytosis

62
Q

Ligand-receptor complexes triggers infolding of a clathrin pit that forms a vesicle containing ligands such as: vitamins, hormones, and anti-bodies

A

Receptor Mediated Endocytosis

63
Q

Most common form of endocytosis. Materials dissolved in water to be brought into the cell.

A

Pinocytosis

64
Q

Vesicles that are used to move molecules inside the cell are coated with the protein ________

A

Clathrin

65
Q

A form of pinocytosis, provides a mechanism for the selective uptake of specific macromolecules.

A

Receptor mediated endocytosis

66
Q

Specialized regions of the plasma membrane where specific cell receptors are found

A

Clathrin-coated pits

67
Q

A membrane associated with GTP-binding protein that assists the budding off of the pits from the plasma membrane

A

Dynamin

68
Q

Clathrin-coated pits occupy about ________% of the surface area of plasma membranes

A

1% - 2%

69
Q

Vesicles with tubular extensions located at the periphery of the cells that fuse with clathrin-coated vesicles.

A

Endosomes

70
Q

Maintains the acid internal pH caused by the action of a membrane H+ pump.

A

Endosomes

71
Q

A phenomenon where receptor-ligand complexes are removed from the plasma membrane, terminating the response of the cell to growth factor stimulation

A

Receptor-down regulation

72
Q

Phagosomes that infused fused to lysosomes, contains lysosomal acid hydrolases that digest ingested material.

A

Phagolysosomes

73
Q

Moves chlorine ions outside of the cell

A

CFTR Channels

74
Q

Disease caused by the failure of CFTR channels to pump chlorine out of the cells that leads to the build-up of sticky mucus on the outside of the cell

A

Cystic Fibrosis

75
Q

Cystic Fibrosis can be passed through?

A

Genetics/Trait Inheritance

Gen. Physiology - Midterms (7 decks)

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