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BIO 107 - Cell and Mol. Bio > Membrane Transport > Flashcards

Membrane Transport Flashcards

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1
Q

The membrane transport proteins

A
  • Transporters
  • Channels
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2
Q
  • transfer solutes across cell membranes
  • transfer specific molecular species or a class of molecules
A

Membrane transport proteins

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3
Q

single-gene mutations

A

Cystinuria

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4
Q

(carriers or permeases)
– bind, conformational changes

A

Transporters

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5
Q

form continuous pores

A

Channels

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6
Q

“downhill” transfer

A

Passive transport

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7
Q

uncharged molecule

A

Concentration gradient

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8
Q

charged molecule

A

membrane potential

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9
Q

“uphill”, against their electrochemical gradients

A

Active transport

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10
Q

negative insided

A

Electrical potential

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11
Q

What resembles an enzyme-substrate reactions

A

Transport of solute in the lipid bilayer

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12
Q

inaccessible-occluded

A

Intermediate state

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13
Q

Main ways of active transport

A
  • Coupled transport
  • ATP-Driven pumps
  • Light-or redox- driven pumps
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14
Q

energy stored in concentration gradients

A

Coupled transport

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15
Q

hydrolysis of ATP

A

ATP-driven pumps

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16
Q

energy from light

A

light- or redox-driven pumps

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17
Q

passive transport

A

Uniporters

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18
Q

transfer of one solute depends on the transport of a second

A

Coupled transporters

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19
Q

transfer in the same direction

A

Symporters

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20
Q

transfer in opposite direction

A

Antiporters

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21
Q

pseudosymmetric

A

inverted repeats

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22
Q

Three classes of ATP-driven pumps

A
  • P-type pumps
  • ABC transporters
  • V-type pumps
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23
Q

phosphorylate themselves during pumping cycle

A

P-type pumps

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24
Q

pump small molecules

A

ABC transporters

25
Q

Full name of ABC transporters

A

ATP-binding Cassette transporters

26
Q

turbine-like; made from multiple different subunits

  • pumps transfers H+ into organelles
A

V-type pumps

27
Q

use the H+ gradient across the membrane

A

F-type (ATP synthase)

28
Q

Example of P-type pumps

A

Ca2+ ATPase and Na+/K

29
Q

pumps Ca2+ out of the cell

A

Ca2+ ATPase

30
Q

intracellular storage of Ca2+ in muscle cells

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

31
Q

effects of the release of Ca2+ into the cytosol

A

Muscle contraction

32
Q

create an electric potential

A

Electrogenic

33
Q

contains highly conserved ATPase domains.

First found in bacteria

A

ABC transporters

34
Q

causes malaria, pumps out chloroquine

A

Plasmodium falciparum

35
Q

form pores across membrane

A

Channels

36
Q

connects the cytoplasm of two cells

A

Gap junctions

37
Q

inorganic ion transport

A

Ion channels

38
Q
  • water channels
  • allow water to move more rapidly
  • narrow pore that allows water molecules to traverse the membrane in single file
A

Aquaporins

39
Q

inorganic ions; selectivity filters

A

Ion selectivity

40
Q

open briefly and then close again

A

Gated

41
Q

Types of ion channels

A
  • Voltage-gated ion channels
  • Mechanical-gated ion channels
  • Ligand-gated ion channels
42
Q

Examples of ligand-gated ion channel

A
  • Transmitter-gated channels
  • Ion-gated channels
  • Nucleotide-gated channels
43
Q

form a central pore through the membrane

A

Four identical transmembrane subunits

44
Q

receive, conduct, and transmit signals

changes in the electrical potential across the neuron’s plasma membrane

A

Neurons

45
Q
  • photosensitive ion channels
  • covalently bound retinal group
A

Channelrhodopsins

46
Q

what did channelrhodopsins revolutionized?

A

the study of neural circuits

47
Q

increase the rate at which the axon can conduct an action potential

A

Myelination

48
Q

formed by specialized non-neuronal supporting cells called glial cells.

A

Myelin

49
Q

formed by glial cell

A

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells

50
Q

where neuronal signals are transmitted

A

Synapses

51
Q

Types of neurotransmitter receptors

A
  • Ionotropic receptors
  • Metabotropic receptors
52
Q

ion channels and feature at fast chemical synapses

A

Ionotropic receptors

53
Q

G-protein coupled receptors that bind to all other neurotransmitter

A

Metabotropic receptors

54
Q

Chemical synapses can be

A
  • Exicitatory or inhibitory
55
Q

open cation channels, influx of Na+ or Ca2+; firing an action potentia

A

Excitatory neurotransmitters

56
Q

open Cl- or K+ channels, suppresses firing

A

Inihibitory neurotranmistters

57
Q

Example of excitatory neurotransmitters

A
  • acetylcholine
  • glutamate
  • serotonin
58
Q

Example of inihibitory neurotransmitters

A
  • γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
  • glycine

BIO 107 - Cell and Mol. Bio (10 decks)

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