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BIO 107 - Cell and Mol. Bio > Membrane Transport > Flashcards

Membrane Transport Flashcards

1
Q

The membrane transport proteins

A
  • Transporters
  • Channels
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2
Q
  • transfer solutes across cell membranes
  • transfer specific molecular species or a class of molecules
A

Membrane transport proteins

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3
Q

single-gene mutations

A

Cystinuria

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4
Q

(carriers or permeases)
– bind, conformational changes

A

Transporters

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5
Q

form continuous pores

A

Channels

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6
Q

“downhill” transfer

A

Passive transport

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7
Q

uncharged molecule

A

Concentration gradient

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8
Q

charged molecule

A

membrane potential

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9
Q

“uphill”, against their electrochemical gradients

A

Active transport

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10
Q

negative insided

A

Electrical potential

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11
Q

What resembles an enzyme-substrate reactions

A

Transport of solute in the lipid bilayer

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12
Q

inaccessible-occluded

A

Intermediate state

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13
Q

Main ways of active transport

A
  • Coupled transport
  • ATP-Driven pumps
  • Light-or redox- driven pumps
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14
Q

energy stored in concentration gradients

A

Coupled transport

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15
Q

hydrolysis of ATP

A

ATP-driven pumps

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16
Q

energy from light

A

light- or redox-driven pumps

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17
Q

passive transport

A

Uniporters

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18
Q

transfer of one solute depends on the transport of a second

A

Coupled transporters

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19
Q

transfer in the same direction

A

Symporters

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20
Q

transfer in opposite direction

A

Antiporters

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21
Q

pseudosymmetric

A

inverted repeats

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22
Q

Three classes of ATP-driven pumps

A
  • P-type pumps
  • ABC transporters
  • V-type pumps
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23
Q

phosphorylate themselves during pumping cycle

A

P-type pumps

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24
Q

pump small molecules

A

ABC transporters

25
Full name of ABC transporters
ATP-binding Cassette transporters
26
turbine-like; made from multiple different subunits - pumps transfers H+ into organelles
V-type pumps
27
use the H+ gradient across the membrane
F-type (ATP synthase)
28
Example of P-type pumps
Ca2+ ATPase and Na+/K
29
pumps Ca2+ out of the cell
Ca2+ ATPase
30
intracellular storage of Ca2+ in muscle cells
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
31
effects of the release of Ca2+ into the cytosol
Muscle contraction
32
create an electric potential
Electrogenic
33
contains highly conserved ATPase domains. First found in bacteria
ABC transporters
34
causes malaria, pumps out chloroquine
Plasmodium falciparum
35
form pores across membrane
Channels
36
connects the cytoplasm of two cells
Gap junctions
37
inorganic ion transport
Ion channels
38
* water channels * allow water to move more rapidly * narrow pore that allows water molecules to traverse the membrane in single file
Aquaporins
39
inorganic ions; selectivity filters
Ion selectivity
40
open briefly and then close again
Gated
41
Types of ion channels
- Voltage-gated ion channels - Mechanical-gated ion channels - Ligand-gated ion channels
42
Examples of ligand-gated ion channel
- Transmitter-gated channels - Ion-gated channels - Nucleotide-gated channels
43
form a central pore through the membrane
Four identical transmembrane subunits
44
receive, conduct, and transmit signals changes in the electrical potential across the neuron’s plasma membrane
Neurons
45
- photosensitive ion channels - covalently bound retinal group
Channelrhodopsins
46
what did channelrhodopsins revolutionized?
the study of neural circuits
47
increase the rate at which the axon can conduct an action potential
Myelination
48
formed by specialized non-neuronal supporting cells called glial cells.
Myelin
49
formed by glial cell
Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
50
where neuronal signals are transmitted
Synapses
51
Types of neurotransmitter receptors
- Ionotropic receptors - Metabotropic receptors
52
ion channels and feature at fast chemical synapses
Ionotropic receptors
53
G-protein coupled receptors that bind to all other neurotransmitter
Metabotropic receptors
54
Chemical synapses can be
- Exicitatory or inhibitory
55
open cation channels, influx of Na+ or Ca2+; firing an action potentia
Excitatory neurotransmitters
56
open Cl- or K+ channels, suppresses firing
Inihibitory neurotranmistters
57
Example of excitatory neurotransmitters
- acetylcholine - glutamate - serotonin
58
Example of inihibitory neurotransmitters
- γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) - glycine

BIO 107 - Cell and Mol. Bio (10 decks)

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