Gene expression

Question 1

recognize specific sequences of DNA (cis-regulatory sequences)

Answer 1

Transcription regulators

Question 2

lie near the gene; intergenic region directly upstream from the transcription start point of the gene

Answer 2

Cis-regulatory sequences

Question 3

A very long double helix has both ___ and ___ groove

Answer 3

Major and Minor

Question 4

recognizes a specific cis regulatory sequence because the surface of the protein is extensively complementary to the special surface features of the double helix that displays that sequence.

Answer 4

A transcription regulator

Question 5

promotes cooperative binding of transcription regulators

Answer 5

Nucleosome structure

Question 6

Regulation of glucose metabolism

Answer 6

Glucocorticoid

Question 7

active form → switches genes OFF or represses them

Answer 7

Transcriptional repressor

Question 8

proteins (work on promoters ) → switch genes ON or activate them

Answer 8

Transcriptional activator

Question 9

Lac operon is controlled

Answer 9

Lac repressor
CAP activator

Question 10

allow a protein bound at a distant site along the DNA to contact RNA polymerase

Answer 10

DNA looping

Question 11

positive transcription regulators

Answer 11

Activators

Question 12

negative transcription regulators

Answer 12

Repressors

Question 13

the whole expanse of DNA involved in regulating and initiating transcription of a eukaryotic gene

Answer 13

gene control region

Question 14

sequences that transcription regulators do not directly recognize; lncRNAs

Answer 14

“spacer” DNA

Question 15

often formed from two diferent transcription regulators.

Answer 15

Heterodimers

Question 16

over a range of concentrations of the transcription regulator, binding is more of an all-or-none phenomenon

Answer 16

Cooperative binding

Question 17

a cluster on the chromosome and are transcribed from a single promoter as one long mRNA molecule; such coordinately transcribed clusters are called

Answer 17

operons

Question 18

When tryptophan conc. are low, the operon is

Answer 18

Transcribes

Question 19

work on promoters that in contrast to the promoter for the tryptophan operon—are only marginally able to bind and position RNA polymerase on their own

Answer 19

Transcriptional activator proteins

Question 20

One of the most prevalent coactivators is the large

composed of more than 30 subunites

Answer 20

Mediator protein complex

Question 21

exhibit by transcription activators

several DNA-bound activator proteins working together produce a transcription rate that is much higher than the sum of their transcription rates working alone

Answer 21

Transcriptional synergy

Question 22

A second type of DNA element

prevents cis-regulatory sequences from running amok and activating inappropriate genes

Answer 22

Insulator

Question 23

is a prerequisite for the creation of organized tissues and for the maintenance of stably diferentiated cell types.

Answer 23

Cell memory

Question 24

through which cells integrate signals and remember events in their past.

Answer 24

logic circuits

Question 25

whose expression plays an important part in the development of the Drosophila embryo.

Answer 25

Drosophila Even-skipped (eve) gene

Question 26

distinguishes one part of the embryo from another

Answer 26

positional information