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Cell Physiology > Membrane Transport > Flashcards

Membrane Transport Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of simple diffusion?

A

Lipid soluble and water soluble

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2
Q

Describe lipid soluble simple diffusion. What substances are transported and where does this take place?

A

Diffusion is through a lipid bilayer.
Carbon dioxide, oxygen, ethanol, and lipid soluble substances are transported this way.
This takes place in all cells.

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3
Q

Describe water soluble simple diffusion. What substances are transported this way and where?

A

Diffusion through a pore or gated ion channel.
Water and ions are transported this way.
This happens in all cells.

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4
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

Passive transport that requires a transporter

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5
Q

What are the glucose transporters for facilitated diffusion?

A

Glut 1, Glut 2, Glut 4, and SGlut 1

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6
Q

What is passive transport?

A

Substances move with the gradient by simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, or osmosis.

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7
Q

What is active transport?

A

Substances move against the concentration gradient by primary or secondary methods.

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8
Q

What is bulk transport?

A

Transport uses cell membrane/vesicles by endocytosis or exocytosis.

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9
Q

Describe Glut 1.

A

Insulin independent glucose transporter going one way located in the brain and red blood cells.

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10
Q

Describe Glut 2.

A

Insulin independent glucose transporter going both ways located in the liver.

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11
Q

Describe Glut 4.

A

Insulin dependent glucose transporter going one way located in muscle and adipose.

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12
Q

Describe SGlut 1.

A

Insulin independent glucose transporter doing sodium symport in gastrointestinal tract and kidneys.

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13
Q

Define osmosis.

A

Flow of water across a membrane from lower to higher solute concentration.

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14
Q

Osmosis depends on the number of particles, not the size. How many molecules of water is yielded by 1 Glucose? 1 Albumin? 1 NaCl? 1 CaCl2?

A

Glucose yields 1
Albumin yields 1
NaCl yields 2
CaCl2 yields 3

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15
Q

How is osmotic pressure calculated?

A

Number of particles X molar concentration

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16
Q

What happens to RBCs in an isotonic solution?

A

No net water movement, normal plasma volume, cell stays the same size.

17
Q

What happens to RBCs in a hypertonic solution?

A

Water moves out of the cell, cell shrinks: crenation

18
Q

What happens to RBCs in a hypotonic solution?

A

Water moves into the cell, cell swells and bursts: lyses

19
Q

Give three examples of primary active transport.

A

Na/K ATPase pump, calcium pump, Hydrogen ion pump AKA proton pump.

20
Q

What is the function and location of the Na/K ATPase pump?

A

Pumps 3 Sodium ions out and 2 Potassium ions in to maintain volume and resting membrane potential
Located all cell membranes and nerve/ skeletal and heart muscles

21
Q

What is the function and location of the calcium pump?

A

Pumps calcium out of cytoplasm (sarcoplasm) into sarcoplasmic reticulum or extracellular fluid
Located in cell membrane of nerve and muscle, and membrane of sarcoplasmic reticulum

22
Q

What is the function and location of hydrogen ion pumps (proton pumps)?

A

Decrease pH of stomach and urine
Located in parietal cells, distal convoluted tubule of kidney, and intercalated cells

23
Q

Give two examples of secondary active transport.

A

Co-transport or symport and counter-transport or anti-port

24
Q

Give two examples of co-transport/symport.

A

Sodium/glucose and sodium/amino acids

25
Q

Give two examples of counter-transport/anti-port.

A

Na/Ca and Na/H

26
Q

What is the function and location of sodium/glucose and sodium/amino acids co-transport/symport?

A

Move substances out of the cell
Located in small intestine and proximal convoluted tubule of kidney

27
Q

What is the function and location of Na/Ca pump?

A

Sodium pumped into cell, calcium pumped out
Located in T tubules of heart and most cells

28
Q

What is the function and location of Na/H counter-transport/anti-port?

A

Sodium pumped into cell, hydrogen pumped out of cell into urine
Located in proximal convoluted tubule of kidney

29
Q

Give three examples of endocytosis.

A

Pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and receptor mediated

30
Q

Describe pinocytosis. Where does it occur?

A

Cell drinking that requires actin
Occurs in all cells

31
Q

Describe phagocytosis. Where does it occur?

A

Cell eating that requires ATP and actin
Occurs only in neutrophils and macrophages

32
Q

Describe receptor mediated endocytosis. Where does it happen?

A

Requires receptor and Clathrin coated pits
LDL receptor in Liver and reuptake of neurotransmitters by presynaptic membrane

33
Q

What are the two types of exocytosis?

A

Constitutive and regulated

34
Q

Describe constitutive exocytosis. Give examples of substances transported this way.

A

From Golgi apparatus, clathrin pits make vesicles to transport most new membrane protein and lipids to fuse with membrane.
This is unregulated.
ie. collagen and elastin secretion

35
Q

Describe regulated exocytosis with an example.

A

Mechanism for Hormone and Neurotransmitter release from Golgi apparatus to a vesicle. A chemical signal regulates membrane fusion.

Cell Physiology (8 decks)

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