Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 11 > Membrane Transport > Flashcards

Membrane Transport Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Movement of particles/solute across/through membrane barrier

A

Membrane transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Type of membrane transport that does not use energy; molecules are moving from high to low concentration

A

Passive transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A model that describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components - including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates; membranes are constucted from lipids and proteins

A

Fluid mosaic model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

They formulated the fluid mosaic model in 1972

A

Singer & Nicolson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Formed when carbohydrates present on the plasma membrane’s exterior surface are attached to proteins

A

Glycoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Formed when carbohydrates present on the plasma membrane’s exterior surface are attached to lipids

A

Glycolipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

“Water-loving” areas of the molecules

A

Hydrophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Water-hating molecules; tend to be non-polar

A

Hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A molecule with a positively or negatively charged area, and an uncharged or non-polar area; “dual-loving”

A

Amphiphilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Characteristics of the phospholipid bilayaer (fluid mosaic model):

A

Hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Two protein classes in the fluid mosaic model:

A

Peripheral, integral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The structure forming unit of the fluid mosaic model

A

Lipid bilayer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Proteins (in the fluid mosaic model) may be:

A
  • absorbed to membrane surface
  • span through the membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Proteins that integrate completely into the membrane structure, and their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer’s hydrophobic region

A

Integral proteins or integrins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Proteins that are on the membranes’ exterior and interior surfaces, attached either to integral proteins or to phospholipids; may serve as enzymes along with integrins, as structural attachments for the cytoskeleton’s fibers, as part of the cell’s recognition sites

A

Peripheral proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Components of the plasma membrane:

A
  • Phospholipid
  • Integral proteins
  • Peripheral proteins
  • Carbohydrates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The main membrane fabric of the plasma membrane

A

Phospholipid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Attached between phospholipids and between the two phospholipid layers

A

Cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Embedded within the phospholipid layer; may or may not penetrate through both layers

A

Integral proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

On the phospholipid bilayer’s inner or outer surface; not embedded within the phospholipids

A

Peripheral proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Generally attached to proteins on the outside membrane layer

A

Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Because the plasma membranes are ________, they allow some substances to pass through, but not others.

A

selectively permeable

23
Q

A physical space in which there is a single substance concentration range has a ________.

A

concentration gradient

24
Q

A passive process of transport where a single substance moves from a high concentration to a low concentration area until the concentration is equal across a space; transport of substances/solute; net movement of anything

A

Diffusion

25
Q

A transport where materials diffuse across the plasma membrane with the help of membranous proteins

A

Facilitated transport or facilitated diffusion

26
Q

Membranous proteins that aid in facilitated transport:

A
  • Channels/guted channels
  • transporters/transport proteins
27
Q

Integral proteins involved in facilitated transport

A

Transport proteins

28
Q

Proteins that have hydrophilic domains exposed to the intracellular and extracellular fluids; have a hydrophilic channel through their core that provides a hydrated opening through the membrane layers

A

Channel proteins

29
Q

Channel proteins that allow water to pass through the membrane at a very high rate

A

Aquaporins

30
Q

A type of proteins embedded in the plasma membrane; binds a substance and thus triggers a change of its own shape, moving he bound molecule from the cell’s outside to its interior

A

Carrier proteins

31
Q

The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane according to the water’s concentration gradient across the membrane, which is inversely proportional to the solutes’ concentration; concentration of solute equal on both sides of the membrane; the solute cannot pass through the selectively permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

32
Q

Describes how an extracellular solution can change a cell’s volume by affecting osmosis; capability of the solution to modify the volume of the cells

A

Tonicity

33
Q

Describes the solution’s total solute concentration

A

Osmolarity

34
Q

The extracellular fluid has lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell, and water enters the cell; low concentration of solute

A

Hypotonic

35
Q

The extracellular fluid having a higher osmolarity than the cell’s cytoplasm; the fluid contains less water than the cell; higher concentration of solute

A

Hypertonic

36
Q

The extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the cell; equal concentration of solute

A

Isotonic

37
Q

Changes the shape of the real blood cells in hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic solutions

A

Osmotic pressure

38
Q

The ________ within a plant cell depends on the tonicity of the solution.

A

Turgor pressure

39
Q

A kind of transport where mechanisms require the cell’s energy, usually in the form of ATP; against the concentration gradient

A

Active transport

40
Q

Pushes chemicals from low to high concentrations in active transport

A

ATP

41
Q

Measure of free energy; combined effects of gradient concentration and electrical gradient

A

Electrochemical gradient

42
Q

Move potassium and sodium ions across plasma membrane

A

Sodium-potassium pump

43
Q

Work against lectrochemical gradient

A

Active transport mechanisms or pumps

44
Q

Moves ions across a membrane and creates a difference in charge across that membrane

A

Primary active transport

45
Q

Does not directly require ATP; the movement of material due to the electrochemical gradient established by the primary active gradient

A

Secondary active transport

46
Q

Carrier proteins or pumps that facilitate movement in active transport

A

Transporters

47
Q

Three types of protein transporters:

A
  • Uniporter (carries one ion/molecule)
  • Symporter (2 ions/molecules)
  • Antiporter (2 ions/molecules, but in diff. directions)
48
Q

A kind of transport, where moving big particles or fragments of cells takes place

A

Bulk transport

49
Q

A type of active transport that moves particles, such as large molecules, parts of cells, and even whole cells, into a cell

A

Endocytosis

50
Q

The condition of “cell eating”; the process by which a cell takes in large particles; big molecules are brought inside; form vacuole

A

Phagocytosis

51
Q

A variation of endocytosis discovered by Warren Lewis in 1929; termed as “cell driking”; process that takes in molecules, including water, which the cell needs; large amounts of liquid; form vesicles

A

Pinocytosis

52
Q

A process that uses a coating protein (caveolin) on the plasma membrane’s cytoplasmic side; brings small molecules into the cell and transports them through the cell for their release on the other side (transcytosis)

A

Potocytosis

53
Q

A process that brings specific substances that are normally in the extracellular fluid and also allows other substances to gain entry into the cell at the same site; removes low density liporotein from the blood

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

54
Q

Reverse process of moving material into a cell; taking out; a vesicle migrates the plasma membrane, binds, and releases its contents to the outside of the cell

A

Exocytosis

Biology 11 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions