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AP BIOLOGY > Meiosis Quiz > Flashcards

Meiosis Quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

the chromosomes condense, and the nuclear envelope breaks down. crossing- over occurs.

A

Prophase 1

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2
Q

pairs of homologous chromosomes move to the middle of the cell

A

Metaphase I

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3
Q

homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell

A

Anaphase I

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4
Q

Chromosomes gather at the poles of the cells. The cytoplasm divides

A

Telophase I and Cytokinesis

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5
Q

A new spindle forms around the chromosomes.

A

Prophase II

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6
Q

chromosomes line up at the equator

A

Metaphase II

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7
Q

centromeres divides. Chromatids move to oppisite poles of the cell

A

Anaphase II

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8
Q

A nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes. The cytoplasm divides

A

Telophase II and Cytokinesis

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9
Q

During meiosis, one cell divides…

A

Twice to form four daughter cells

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10
Q

How many chromosomes do the daughter cell have?

A

These four daughter cells only have half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell – they are haploid.

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11
Q

Meiosis produces…

A

Sex cells(gametes)

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12
Q

What is a chromosome

A

Made up of DNA and protein; a package containing a chunk of a genome

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13
Q

The shape of a chromosome indicates…

A

It has gone through interphase. Legs of chromosome are sister chromatids

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14
Q

What are sister chromatids

A

DNA tightly bound to fit and divide in the nuclei

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15
Q

How many copies of genome are there

A

2

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16
Q

What is a genome

A

All the genetic info within a cell, contained in Chromosomes.

17
Q

What are nucleosomes?

A

Beads tightly around each other; made up of histone proteins and DNA

18
Q

What is a gene?

A

Section of DNA that codes for one specific protein

19
Q

All things are made up of

A

Proteins

20
Q

What are base pairs

A

Smallest bits of info
Adenine=thymine
Guanine=cytosine

21
Q

Base pairs come together to…

A

Code for specific amino acids that make proteins

22
Q

Largest to smallest…

A

Genome, chromosome, gene, base pair

23
Q

How is DNA packaged?

A

DNA molecule wraps around histone protein to form nucelosomes. Nucleosomes coil and stack together to form chromatin.
Does this during replication

24
Q

Humans have what kind of cells

A

Diploid

25
Q

What are homologous chromosomes

A

Identical but different alleles.

26
Q

Diploid vs. haploid cells

A

Diploid: (2N), 6 chromosomes, 2 pairs/copies, 46 chromosomes(parental and maternal)
Haploid: N, 3 chromosomes, 23 in sperm or 23 in eggs.

Eukaryotes- Diploid to haploid (meiosis)

27
Q

Two gametes come together=

A

Zygote (fertilization)

28
Q

Differences between females and males in gameotgenesis

A

Male: 2n, left with four haploid daughter cells, sperm contributes genes.
Females: 2n left with one daughter cell because it has organelles.

29
Q

Similarities between mitosis and meiosis

A
  1. DNA replication Occurs during interphase.
  2. Includes prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
  3. chromosome duplication.
  4. Nuclear division
30
Q

Differences between mitosis and meiosis

A 
Mitosis: 
-DNA replication occurs before Mitosis
-One division 
-Tetrads don’t line up
-two daughter cells, each diploid and genetically identical to parent.
-no synopsis of homologous chromosomes 
.
31
Q

Process of formation of gametes

A

Gametogenesis

32
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

Creation of sperm

33
Q

Oogenesis

A

Creation of eggs

34
Q

Males vs females gametogenesis

A

In males , stem cells are laid down during gestation and don’t start production until adolescence.
In females, stem cell production starts in the womb but are arrested during prophase stage of meiosis 1.

35
Q

Difference meiosis version

A

Meiosis:

  • DNA replication occurs before meiosis 1
  • 2 divisions
  • tetrads line up
  • genetic variability, crossing over in the first division
  • synopsis of homologous chromosomes occur during prophase 1.
  • 4 daughter cells, haploid, contain half as many chromosomes as parent

AP BIOLOGY (9 decks)

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