Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP BIOLOGY > Cell Structure Test > Flashcards

Cell Structure Test Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A group of mutations, known as MT-ND1, have been identified in mitochondrial DNA. These mutations are associated with a number of debilitating diseases stemming from the production of nonfunctional proteins in the mitochondria. Which cellular deficiency would occur due to the mutations.

A

Lack of electron transport and ATP production.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ribosomes are responsible for…

A

Protein synthesis. If the cell can’t form proteins, it’s a defect in the ribosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Too many toxins in the cell could be a result of deficiencies in the process of…

A

Detoxification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Braking down materials is done by…

A

either smooth ER or lysosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens in the golgi

A

Proper folding and tagging of proteins for release from cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Electron transport chain and ATP production are associated with proteins in the…

A

Inner membrane of mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nonfunctional proteins in the mitochondrion are to result in…

A

Reduced ATP production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which cellular component will be found in the widest range of organisms in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

Ribosomes, all organisms need to synthesize proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What kind of cells don’t contain mitochondria

A

Prokaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which organelle is used to breakdown glucose

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chloroplasts only found in

A

Photautotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cell walls found in…

A

Prokaryotic cells but not eukaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Amino acids in…

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Amino acids are incorporated into…

A

Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lysosomes have what type of enzymes

A

Hydrolyric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Protein production in

A

Rough ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Increasing number of folds in the inner mitochorial membrane is supported by…

A

Increases SA available for ATP production, faster cell growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Water and cellular wastes are stored where?

A

Vacuoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The transport of proteins to the plasma membrane typically involves the

A

endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi complex, and membrane-bound vesicles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fewer stomata is needed as…

A

Concentration of CO2 increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why is testosterone able to enter into the membrane?

A

It is nonpolar and can diffuse thru membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Steroids diffuse through

A

Phospholipid membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Steroids won’t firm..

A

Covalent bonds with peripheral membrane proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Protein Channels allow…

A

Large or charged molecules that can’t cross the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Testosterone charge

A

Uncharged and hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The interior of a phospholipid bilayer is…

A

Hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Region 1 of protein… region 2…

A

Region 1: interacts with aqueous environment: hydrophilic.

Region 2: interior of bilayer, hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Cholesterol structure and function

A

iRegulate fluidity if cells plasma membrane, polar head and non polar region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What transport methods are affected by temperature

A

Active transport and diffusion, transport rates increase at increased temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Active transport needs..

A

ATP.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Endocytosis of protein won’t occur when

A

Protein is unavailable outside cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Changing concentration of a protein will change the…

A

Availability of protein outside the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is endocytosis

A

Actively transporting molecules in cell by engulfing with membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What organelle digests food brought into cell with endocytosis

A

Lysosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

After a vesicles containing food fuses with lysosome, H+ ions…

A

Are transported into lysosome from cytosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Lowering of pH of lysosome results in

A

Activating enzymes that digest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Simple diffusion allows molecules to move

A

Down a concentration gradient. Charged H ions can’t pass through bilayer without channel protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Which of the following transport mechanisms will be affected most directly by a temporary shortage of ATP molecules inside the cell?

A

The transport of glucose molecules against a concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

The movement of water molecules through aquaporins is an example of…

A

Passive transport, doesn’t require ATP

39
Q

Oxygen molecules move across membrane by…

A

Simple diffusion, doesn’t need energy

40
Q

Against concentration gradient…

A

Requires ATP

41
Q

Without ATP, the Na+ concentration outside the cell will…

A

Decrease because ions leak into cell but won’t be pumped out of cell

42
Q

Without ATP sodium ions will leak

A

Into cell, resulting in increased concentration in cell

43
Q

Without ATP K+ concentration inside cell will

A

Decrease because ions leak out of cell but won’t be pumped in

44
Q

WithoutATP k concentration outside cell will.

A

Increase because ions Elam out of cell, not being pumped in

45
Q

Thicker bilayer will..

A

Slow movement of substances across membrane

46
Q

Embedded proteins increase…

A

Movement of substances across membrane

47
Q

Lowosmolarity to high is an example of

A

Passive transport

48
Q

Water molecules move by diffusion through aquaporins..

A

Passive transport

49
Q

Assistance of protein channels and large molecules

A

Facilitated diffusion

50
Q

Molecules that move against a concentration gradient

A

Active transport

51
Q

If hydrolytic enzymes are released,

A

Cell death happens

52
Q

Smooth ER plays a role in

A

Lipid synthesis

53
Q

Photosynthesis occurs in

A

Chloroplasts and some prokaryotes

54
Q

Which of the following observations best supports the claim that mitochondria evolved from once-free-living prokaryotic cells by the process of endocytosis?

A

Mitochondria surrounded by double membrane

55
Q

Cellulase function

A

Digests cellulose and damages cell wall, not cell membrane

56
Q

Examples of passive transport

A

Steroids, CO2

57
Q

small non charged particle in

A

Simple diffusion

58
Q

Active transport examples

A

Pumps, hydrogen pump, sucrose w proton pump,

59
Q

endosymbiosic organelles and free living differences

A

Endo: help the greater cell it’s apart of

Free living: work for themselves

60
Q

What cells do and don’t have compartmentalization

A

Do: eukaryotic

Don’t p: prokaryotic

61
Q

Tonicity

A

Hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic

62
Q

Hypotonic vs hypertonic

A

Hypo: concentration greater inside cell.
Hyper: concentration greater outside cell

63
Q

Which type of cells are more efficient

A

Eukaryotes

64
Q

Double membranes of mitochondria

A

Folder inner membrane to increase SA AND ATP production.

Outer membrane

65
Q

Rough ER makes what

A

Proteins

66
Q

Smooth ER synthesizes what

A

Lipids

67
Q

Flagella and cilli are found in

A

mitochondria

68
Q

What type of ribosomes are in rough ER and make things to be exported out of cell

A

Bound

69
Q

What type of ribosome makes things staying inside cell

A

Free

70
Q

SA to V ratio

A

Rate of diffusion doesn’t change, when cell grows volume increases at higher rate

71
Q

Why are cells so small

A

Smaller cells have higher ratio allowing more molecules to move across membrane, cells need to distribute and get rid of wastes fast

72
Q

Cell wall function and structure

A

Protection, turgor pressure protection, made of cellulose and structural proteins

73
Q

Cholesterol helps w…

A

Rigidity of membrane

74
Q

Name for channel proteins

A

Aquaporins

75
Q

Phospholipids

A

Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail, regulate cellular processes

76
Q

Cholesterol

A

Support, sterol lipid

77
Q

Hydrophobic interior, channels, cell adhesion: what am I

A

Integral protein

78
Q

Bound to surface of membrane, size and shape of membrane: what am I?

A

Peripheral protein

79
Q

Bind cells together, collagen makeup, regulates cellular functions

A

Extracellukar matrix

80
Q

Carbohydrate, stability, cellular recognition

A

Glycolipid

81
Q

Sugar attached, adhesion

A

Glycoprotein

82
Q

Example of facilitated diffusion

A

Glucose, carrier mediated

H20: channel mediated

83
Q

Simple diffusion:

A

No ATP, along concentration gradient, nonpolar small particles

84
Q

Single ATP powered pump that transports a certain solute indirectly drives active transport of solutes

A

Co transport

85
Q

Example of cotransport

A

Hydrogen and sucrose, proton pump

86
Q

What goes in and out of the sodium potassium pump

A

2 K in, 3 Na out

87
Q

How does the structure of membranes influenced selective permeability

A

Phospholipids tightly packed

Interior hydrophobic, allows certain substances inside to pass through

88
Q

Mechanisms organisms used to maintain solutes and water balance

A

Simple Diffusion

89
Q

Large molecule transport across the plasma membrane

A

Passive transport: diffusion, osmosis, filtration

90
Q

Passive transport diffuses…

A

Down concentration gradient, areas of high to low concentration

91
Q

Osmoregulation

A

Constant water pressure and maintain salt

92
Q

What types of molecules will go through facilitated diffusion

A

Polar, charge molecules.

93
Q

Explain how the structure of a molecule affects its ability to pass through the plasma membrane.

A

Some membrane is a barrier, depends on the concentration, charge, and size. Molecules diffuse in areas of high to low concentration

94
Q

Membrane bound structures of a eukaryotic cell

A

Packaging structures, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, nucleus, Golgi, vacuoles, mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes

95
Q

Explain how internal membranes and membrane-bound organelles contribute to compartmentalization of eukaryotic cell functions.

A

Membranes and membrane-bound organelle’s compartmentalize metabolic processes and enzyme

96
Q

Example of compartmentalization

A

Nuclear membrane , Nuclear pours

AP BIOLOGY (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions