meiosis, cell cycle and asexual reproduction part 1 Flashcards
explain G1 in interphase
the cell increases in size and synthesis new organelles
explain G2 in interphase
the cell continues to grow and it produces proteins needed for cell division
explain S in interphase
the cell’s DNA is replicated and is ready for cell division
a cycle of growth, developement, and division, that most cells in an organism go through
cell cycle
four reasons why the cell cycle is important
growth, tissue repair, asexual reproduction, the formation of gametes
what moves the chromatids during mitosis
spindle fibers
where are the chromatids produced
centrioles
If a dog has seventy-eight chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell after mitosis
seventy-eight chromosomes
list in order the phases of mitosis
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase,
genetic material inside the nucleus condense and the chromosomes become visible
prophase
chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
metaphase
chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
anaphase
chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed
telophase
how many daughter cells are created from mitosis
two daughter cells
what is the DNA comparison between the parent cell and the two daughter cells created during mitosis
the DNA will be the same in the parent cell and in the daughter cell
what are the three parts of the cell cycle
cytokinesis, interphase, mitosis,
division of the cytoplasm
cytokinesis
The cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division
interphase
the process in which the nucleus and its contents divide
mitosis
the nuclear membrane dissolves in what phase?
prophase
what phase does the nuclear membrane reappear
telophase
what structure holds the sister chromatids together
centromere
what phase of the cell cycle do the chromosomes replicate
S-phase
what divides in mitosis
the nucleus and the chromosomes
what divides in cytokinesis
the cytoplasm and the cell membrane
what are the seven different types of asexual reproduction
binary fission, budding, cloning, vegetative reproduction, regeneration, spore formation, and parthenogenesis
list the qualities of sexual reproduction
involves two parents, offspring is a genetic mix of both parents, involves specialized sex cells, it’s slow.
what type of asexual reproduction do bacteria use to reproduce
binary fission
what are two advantages to asexual reproduction
can reproduce offspring quickly and doesn’t require special cells or a lot of energy
a type of reproduction in which one parent organism produces offspring without meiosis and fertilization
asexual reproduction
explain why cloning might be beneficial to save endangered animals
It can prevent endangered animals from going extinct and can help increase the population of an endangered species
list the qualities of budding
parent produces a bud, bud gets detached and develops into offspring
list the qualities of cloning
it’s performed in a lab and is used to make copies of organisms or cells with desirable traits
what organisms use regeneration
sea urchins, sea stars, and planarians
Honeybees and some sharks can sometimes produce offspring with unfertilized eggs what is the name of this type of reproduction
parthenogenesis
when organisms produce offspring with unfertilized eggs what type of reproduction is this
parthenogenesis
