exam review genetics Flashcards
a section on a chromosome that has genetic info for one trait
gene
the different form of a gene
allele
the alleles for all the gene on a organism’s
genotype
how a trait physically appears or expressed
phenotype
a genotype in which the two alleles of a gene are different
zygous
a genotype in which the two alleles of a gene are the same
homozygous
an inheritance pattern in which both alleles can be observed in a phenotype
codominance
occurs when there are more than two different alleles of a gene for a particular trait
multiple allele inheritance
an inheritance pattern in which multiple genes the phenotype of a trait
polygenic inheritance
a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family
pedigree
who is the father of genetics
Gregor Mendel
what plants did the father of genetics study
pea plants
what determines the phenotype of an organism
the genotype
describe a punnett square
used to predict the possible genetic outcomes of a cross between the two organisms and helps visualize how alleles from each parent might combine in their offspring
what are the chances that a man heterozygous for freckles and a woman without freckles would have a child without freckles
50%
difference between phenotype and genotype
genotype: the gene order of an organism. phenotype: the physical appearance of an organism
what does the square mean in pedigree
male
what does the circle mean in pedigree
female
what does the half shaded circle or square mean in pedigree
A person is a carrier of a trait
what does the fully shaded circle or square mean in pedigree
person has a certain trait
when there are more than two different types of a gene for a particular trait
multiple allele inheritance
give an trait example for multiple allele inheritance
human blood type
an inheritance pattern in which multiple genes determine the phenotype of a trait
polygenic inheritance
give an trait example for polygenic inheritance
eye and skin color, also height
list the guidelines for a dominant pedigree
affect individuals have at least one affected parent, the trait generally appears in every generation, two unaffected parents only have unaffected offspring
list the guidelines for a recessive pedigree
unaffected parents can have affected offspring, trait isn’t seen in every generation, there are unaffected, heterozygous individuals present in pedigree
a blue parrot (BB) is crossed with a red parrot(bb)
what is the phenotype and genotype
phenotype: 100% blue
genotype: 100% Bb
a heterozygous brown-eyed dog is crossed with a blue eyed dog. list the phenotype and genotype
phenotype: 50% brown 50% blue
genotype: 50%Bb 50%bb
a heterozygous green frog is crossed with a purebred green frog. list the phenotype and genotype
phenotype:100% green
genotype: 50%Bb 50% BB
two heterozygous red apples(green is recessive) are crossed. list the phenotype and genotype
genotype: 25% RR 50%Rr 25% rr
phenotype: 75% red 25% green
