exam review DNA/RNA protein synthesis

Question 1

an organism’s genetic material

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

the process of making mRNA from DNA

Answer 2

transcription

Question 3

the process of making protein from mRNA

Answer 3

translation

Question 4

a section on a chromosome that has genetic information for one trait

Answer 4

gene

Question 5

three nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid

Answer 5

codon

Question 6

a permanent change in the sequence of DNA, or the nucleotide in a gene or chromosome

Answer 6

mutation

Question 7

what are the building blocks of DNA

Answer 7

phosphate, nitrogen bases, and sugar,

Question 8

where does transcription occur?

Answer 8

nucleus

Question 9

what is the shape of DNA

Answer 9

double helix and twisted ladder

Question 10

proteins monomer is

Answer 10

amino acids

Question 11

what holds the two nitrogen bases together?

Answer 11

hydrogen bonds

Question 12

characteristics of RNA

Answer 12

delivers the message to the ribosomes to make proteins, single-stranded, found in nucleus and cytoplasm, sugar is ribose

Question 13

characteristics of DNA

Answer 13

double stranded, sugar is deoxyribose, found in nucleus, provides instructions for making proteins

Question 14

where does translation occur?

Answer 14

ribosomes

Question 15

why is DNA considered a semi conservative replication?

Answer 15

half of the strand is saved

Question 16

what makes up a nucleotide

Answer 16

phosphate, nitrogen bases, and deoxyribose sugar

Question 17

what are the four nitrogen bases

Answer 17

adenine, cytosine, Guanine, and thymine,

Question 18

how do the nitrogen bases pair?

Answer 18

adenine to thymine and cytosine to Guanine