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science > meiosis, cell cycle and asexual reproduction vocab > Flashcards

meiosis, cell cycle and asexual reproduction vocab Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

a cycle of growth, developement, and division, that most cells in an organism go through

A

cell cycle

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2
Q

region of a chromosome where the 2 sister chromatids attach

A

centromere

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3
Q

division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells

A

cytokinesis

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4
Q

the two new cells that result from mitosis and cytokinesis

A

daughter cells

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5
Q

Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division;consists of G1,S, and G2 phases

A

interphase

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6
Q

a process during which the nucleus and its contents divide

A

mitosis

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7
Q

identical copies of a chromosome;full sets of these are created during the S phase of interphase

A

sister chromatids

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8
Q

the division of a cell’s nucleus, as in mitosis and meiosis

A

nuclear division

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9
Q

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes

A

chromosomes

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10
Q

the process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells

A

cellular division

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11
Q

a type of reproduction in which one parent organism produces offspring without meiosis and fertilization

A

asexual reproduction

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12
Q

cell division that creates two identical cells

A

binary fussion

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13
Q

the process during which a new organism grows by mitosis and cell division on the body of its parent

A

budding

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14
Q

a type of asexual reproduction performed in a lab that produces identical individuals from a cell or a cluster of cells taken from a multicellular organism

A

cloning

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15
Q

a form of asexual reproduction in which offspring grow from a part of their parent

A

vegetative reproduction

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16
Q

a type of asexual reproduction that occurs when an offspring grows from a piece of its parent

A

regeneration

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17
Q

the synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated

A

S-phase

18
Q

first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the the chromosomes become visible

A

prophase

19
Q

chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

A

metaphase

20
Q

phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

A

anaphase

21
Q

chromosomes move to the opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed

A

telophase

22
Q

type of reproduction in which the genetic material from two different cells combine, producing an offspring

A

sexual reproduction

23
Q

female sex cell, forms in the ovary

A

egg

24
Q

male sex cell, forms in the testes

A

sperm

25
Q

a process in which an egg and sperm cell join

A

fertilization

26
Q

a new cell that forms from fertilization

A

zygote

27
Q

a pair of chromosomes

A

diploid

28
Q

pair of chromosomes that have genes for the same traits arranged in the same order

A

homologous chromosomes

29
Q

cells that have only one chromosome from each pair

A

haploid

30
Q

a process in which one diploid cell divides and makes four haploid sex cells

A

meiosis

31
Q

process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis

A

crossing over

32
Q

reproductive cells (egg and sperm)

A

gametes

33
Q

differences in physical traits of an individual from the same species to which it belongs

A

variation

34
Q

any cells in the body other than reproductive cells

A

somatic cells

35
Q

a chromosome that’s composed of two sister chromatids held together in a centromere

A

duplicated chromosome

36
Q

chromosomes become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down

A

Prophase 1 (crossing over)

37
Q

protein structures which move the chromosomes during cell division

A

spindle fibers

38
Q

the random distribution of the pairs of genes on different chromosomes to the gametes

A

independent assortment

39
Q

a very small cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occuring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division

A

centrosis

40
Q

region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach

A

centromere

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