meiosis, cell cycle and asexual reproduction vocab Flashcards
a cycle of growth, developement, and division, that most cells in an organism go through
cell cycle
region of a chromosome where the 2 sister chromatids attach
centromere
division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells
cytokinesis
the two new cells that result from mitosis and cytokinesis
daughter cells
Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division;consists of G1,S, and G2 phases
interphase
a process during which the nucleus and its contents divide
mitosis
identical copies of a chromosome;full sets of these are created during the S phase of interphase
sister chromatids
the division of a cell’s nucleus, as in mitosis and meiosis
nuclear division
a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes
chromosomes
the process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells
cellular division
a type of reproduction in which one parent organism produces offspring without meiosis and fertilization
asexual reproduction
cell division that creates two identical cells
binary fussion
the process during which a new organism grows by mitosis and cell division on the body of its parent
budding
a type of asexual reproduction performed in a lab that produces identical individuals from a cell or a cluster of cells taken from a multicellular organism
cloning
a form of asexual reproduction in which offspring grow from a part of their parent
vegetative reproduction
a type of asexual reproduction that occurs when an offspring grows from a piece of its parent
regeneration
the synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated
S-phase
first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the the chromosomes become visible
prophase
chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
metaphase
phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
anaphase
chromosomes move to the opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed
telophase
type of reproduction in which the genetic material from two different cells combine, producing an offspring
sexual reproduction
female sex cell, forms in the ovary
egg
male sex cell, forms in the testes
sperm
a process in which an egg and sperm cell join
fertilization
a new cell that forms from fertilization
zygote
a pair of chromosomes
diploid
pair of chromosomes that have genes for the same traits arranged in the same order
homologous chromosomes
cells that have only one chromosome from each pair
haploid
a process in which one diploid cell divides and makes four haploid sex cells
meiosis
process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis
crossing over
reproductive cells (egg and sperm)
gametes
differences in physical traits of an individual from the same species to which it belongs
variation
any cells in the body other than reproductive cells
somatic cells
a chromosome that’s composed of two sister chromatids held together in a centromere
duplicated chromosome
chromosomes become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down
Prophase 1 (crossing over)
protein structures which move the chromosomes during cell division
spindle fibers
the random distribution of the pairs of genes on different chromosomes to the gametes
independent assortment
a very small cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occuring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division
centrosis
region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach
centromere
