Meiosis and Fertilization Flashcards
What would an egg cell karyotype look like?
An egg cell karyotype would be a haploid cell so there would be 22 chromosomes (autosomes), one from each of the 22 pairs, and an X chromosome.
What would a sperm cell karyotype look like?
A sperm cell karyotype could have 22 chromosomes (autosomes), one from each pair, and either an X or Y chromosome from the 23rd pair.
What are pairs of chromosomes called?
Pairs of chromosomes are called homologous chromosomes.
If a seed can be planted and grow into an adult organism, what is a seed?
A seed is a diploid zygote which resulted from fertilization caused by the haploid gametes.
What is a zygote?
fertilized egg cell that results from the union of a female gamete (egg, or ovum) with a male gamete (sperm)
What is a gamete?
A gamete is a reproductive cell of an animal or plant.
What are ways that genetic variation can occur in meiosis.
Crossing over and/or independent assortment. Mutations can also affect genetic variation but only pre-meiosis
What would happen if there was less genetic diversity?
If there was less genetic diversity, then if there was an environmental change, that species would be less resilient.
What does genetic diversity mean?
Genetic diversity means that not everyone will have the same genes and they will differ from person to person as well as the specific organization of the chromosomes.
Does Nuclear division occur in meiosis or mitosis?
Nuclear division occurs in meiosis and mitosis.
What is nuclear division in meiosis?
It is the dividing of the originally single nucleus into four nuclei that are genetically different from one another.
What are haploid cells?
Haploid cells are, in humans, gametes that contain 23 chromosomes
What is a diploid cell?
two complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, with each parent contributing a chromosome to each pair
What is crossing over?
The exchange of DNA between paired homologous chromosomes (one from each parent) that occurs during meiosis.
What is independent assortment?
The process where the chromosomes move randomly to separate poles during meiosis. This leads to many different combinations of chromosomes.
