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STEP 2 dermal/MSK > Mehlman HY fractures for Surg > Flashcards

Mehlman HY fractures for Surg Flashcards

1
Q

Spiral facture. Pathognomic for ….

A

Child abuse

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1
Q

Spiral facture. Caused by….

A

Rotational/twisting force applied to a limb.

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2
Q

Spiral facture.
USMLE does not expect you to diagnose based on imaging.

A

.

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3
Q

Pathognomic for child abuse?

A

Spiral facture.

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4
Q

Simple fracture. definition?

A

Aka closed fracture = i.e. skin is not broken and the underlying bone does not pierce the skin.

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5
Q

Aka closed fracture = i.e. skin is not broken and the underlying bone does not pierce the skin?

A

Simple fracture.

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6
Q

Compound fracture. definition?

A

Aka open fracture = i.e. the skin is broken and the underlying bone pierces the skin.

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7
Q

Aka open fracture = i.e. the skin is broken and the underlying bone pierces the skin?

A

Compound fracture.

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8
Q

Comminuted fracture. definition?

A

Fracture where the bone is broken in at least two pieces.

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9
Q

Fracture where the bone is broken in at least two pieces?

A

Comminuted fracture.

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10
Q

Greenstick fracture. definition?

A

Bone bends and cracks instead of breaking completely into two pieces.

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11
Q

Bone bends and cracks instead of breaking completely into two pieces?

A

Greenstick fracture.

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12
Q

Greenstick fracture. in what population? why

A

More in peds than adults

Children’s bones are more flexible than adult bones adults’ bones because they have ­incr. collagen content and decr. mineral content, allowing them to bend more.

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13
Q

Greenstick fracture.
When a force that would cause a complete fracture in an adult bone is applied to a child’s bone, it might only cause a greenstick fracture, which is an incomplete fracture with the bone bending and breaking only on one side, resembling a green
branch of a tree that bends and splinters on one side without breaking completely.

A

.

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14
Q

Linear skull fracture. definition?

A

most common type of skull fracture.
There is a break in the skull, but the bone has not moved.

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15
Q

Most common type of skull fracture?
There is a break in the skull, but the bone has not moved.

A

Linear skull fracture.

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16
Q

Linear skull fracture. classically associated with what? this is what usmle wants to us know

A

Epidural hematoma

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17
Q

Epidural hematoma in what bone break?

A

Linear skull fracture.

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18
Q

Base of skull fracture. CP? 4

A

Battle sign (bruising over mastoid process) + raccoon eyes (bruising around eye) + rhinorrhea + otorrhea

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19
Q

Battle sign (bruising over mastoid process) + raccoon eyes (bruising around eye) + rhinorrhea + otorrhea?

A

Base of skull fracture.

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20
Q

Battle sign (bruising over mastoid process) in what?

A

Base of skull fracture.

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21
Q

Metatarsal stress fracture. in what patients? jau buvo prie osteoporosis.

A

low weight + female + young + runner + low bone density

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22
Q

Metatarsal stress fracture. CP?

A

pain in the metatarsal area of the foot in long-distance runners with low BMI.

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23
Q

pain in the metatarsal area of the foot in long-distance runners with low BMI?

A

Metatarsal stress fracture

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24
Q

Metatarsal stress fracture. wont as direct diagnosis, but will ask what risk have women (case mentioned before)?

A

risk for osteoporosis

25
Q

risk for osteoporosis = what fracture?

A

Metatarsal stress fracture

26
Q

Clavicular fracture. occurs in what scenario?

A

Fall on outstretched hand (FOSH) or occasionally as a result of handlebar injury/impaction, with force transferred up to clavicle.

27
Q

Fall on outstretched hand (FOSH) or occasionally as a result of handlebar injury/impaction, with force transferred up to clavicle?

A

Clavicular fracture.

28
Q

Clavicular fracture. which site frantures?

A

MC site is middle-third of the clavicle.

29
Q

Clavicular fracture. Tx?

A

Figure-of-8 sling

30
Q

Figure-of-8 sling in what fracture?

A

Clavicular fracture.

31
Q

Scaphoid fracture. CP?

A

Pain over anatomic snuffbox in patient with FOSH (Fall on outstretched hand)

32
Q

Pain over anatomic snuffbox in patient with FOSH (Fall on outstretched hand)?

A

Scaphoid fracture.

33
Q

Scaphoid fracture. xray acutely? what to do?

A

xray will usually be negative acutely.
Must do thumb-spica cast to prevent avascular necrosis of scaphoid, followed by repeat xray in 2-3 weeks.

34
Q

Must do thumb-spica cast to prevent avascular necrosis of scaphoid, followed by repeat xray in 2-3 weeks. what fracture?

A

Scaphoid fracture.

35
Q

Lunate fracture. answer in what case?

A

FOSH + pain in central palm + NO PAIN OVER anatomic snuffbox.

36
Q

FOSH + pain in central palm + NO PAIN OVER anatomic snuffbox?

A

Lunate fracture.

37
Q

Hook of hamate fracture. cause injury of what? syndrome?

A

Cause of distal ulnar nerve injury/Guyon canal syndrome

38
Q

Hook of hamate fracture. what often scenario?

A

Often from handlebar injury/impaction

39
Q

Cause of distal ulnar nerve injury/Guyon canal syndrome?

A

Hook of hamate fracture.

40
Q

Surgical neck of humerus fracture. causes injury of what?

A

Causes axillary nerve injury –> loss of deltoid function + sensation over deltoid.

41
Q

Causes axillary nerve injury –> loss of deltoid function + sensation over deltoid?

A

Surgical neck of humerus fracture.

42
Q

Midshaft fracture of humerus. injury of what?

A

Causes radial nerve injury –> wrist drop + pronated arm.

43
Q

Causes radial nerve injury –> wrist drop + pronated arm?

A

Midshaft fracture of humerus.

44
Q

Supracondylar fracture of humerus, aka?

A

aka ,,distal shaft fracture”

45
Q

Supracondylar fracture of humerus. causes injury of what?

A

Causes median nerve injury –> motor/sensory dysfunction of forearm muscles, first three fingers and thenar region.

46
Q

Causes median nerve injury –> motor/sensory dysfunction of forearm muscles, first three fingers and thenar region?

A

Supracondylar fracture of humerus.

47
Q

Vertebral compression fracture. synonymous with …… on usmle.

A

OSTEOPOROSIS!!!

in post-menopausal, corticosteroid-use, Cushing syndrome

48
Q

synonymous with OSTEOPOROSIS on usmle?

A

Vertebral compression fracture.

49
Q

Vertebral compression fracture. CP?

A

Will often give point tenderness over a vertebra.

50
Q

Pseudofracture. presentation on xray?

A

Band of low-density bone that looks like fracture on xray but not actual fracture.

51
Q

Band of low-density bone that looks like fracture on xray but not actual fracture.

A

Pseudofracture.

52
Q

Pseudofracture. synonymous with what on usmle?

A

vit. D deficiency (osteomalacia/rickets)

53
Q

vit. D deficiency (osteomalacia/rickets) = ?

A

Pseudofracture.

54
Q

Pseudofracture. can be seen in what failure?

A

renal failure, since 1,25-D3 is low.
Osteomalacia due to renal failure is called renal osteodystrophy.

55
Q

renal failure, since 1,25-D3 is low –>?

A

Pseudofracture.

56
Q

Orbital floor fracture. usmle wants to know about entrapment of muscles what?

A

this can cause entrapment of inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles.!!!!

57
Q

this can cause entrapment of inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles?

A

Orbital floor fracture.

58
Q

Vignette will say guy got hit in eye by baseball + has impaired upward gaze?

I talk about extraocular muscles and lesions in my neuroanatomy document, but this is one notable point you should be aware of here.

A

Orbital floor fracture.

59
Q

Orbital floor fracture. Vignette will say guy got hit in eye by baseball + has impaired ……..?

A

impaired upward gaze.

STEP 2 dermal/MSK (24 decks)

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