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Sem 1 > MEH haematology > Flashcards

MEH haematology Flashcards

1
Q

EPO

A

kidney, RBC production

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2
Q

Thrombopoietin

A

liver and kidney, plateler production

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3
Q

spleen made up of

A

red pulp (macrophages)
white pulp (lymphoid follicles)

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4
Q

Spleen functions

A

sequestration and phagocytosis, pooling, extra medullary haematopoiesis, Immunity

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5
Q

Howell Jolly

A

DNA remnants

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6
Q

Splenic sepsis

A

from encapsulated bacteria in hyposplenism, strep progenies, haemophilias influenza, meningococcus

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7
Q

Spectrin

A

actin crosslink

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8
Q

Ankyrin

A

Proteins to cytoskeleton

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9
Q

band 3

A

Chloride and bicarbonate exchange

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10
Q

Protein 4.2

A

ATP binding

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11
Q

Hereditary spherocytosis

A

ankyrin mutation/spectrin

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12
Q

Sepsis and viruses lead to

A

neutropenia

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13
Q

Haemorrhage leads to

A

neutrophilia

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14
Q

Neutrophil =

A

granulocyte

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15
Q

Fhb goes to

A

adult Hb at 3-6 months

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16
Q

Anisocytosis

A

size variation

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17
Q

MCV

A

size of RBC

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18
Q

Thalassemia

A

mutation in globin, decreased MCV

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19
Q

RDW

A

red cell distribution width

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20
Q

G6PDH deficiency can cause

A

Heinz bodies

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21
Q

Pyruvate kinase deficiency can cause

A

anaemia

22
Q

Microcytic anaemias =

A

TAILS

23
Q

B12 binds to

A

haptocorrin, pernicious anaemia = B12 deficiency

24
Q

Coombs test measures

A

antibodies on RBC

25
Q

MAHA =

A

haemoglobinaemia (Hb in blood due to breakdown)

26
Q

B12 features

A

animal origin, stores last 3-6 years

27
Q

Anaemia

A

Hb lower than normal

28
Q

TAILS

A

T (alpha or beta) reduced global chain synthesis

Ails is reduced haem synthesis

29
Q

Absorption of iron

A

reductase, DMT1, Ferroportin into blood, Transferrin transports iron around body

30
Q

Hepcidin

A

produced by liver, inhibits ferroportin

31
Q

Iron deposited in organs as

A

haemosiderin

32
Q

HFE protein

A

lowers transferrin and increases hepcidin (not in hereditary haemochromatosis)

33
Q

Fenton reaction causes

A

hydroxyl radicals

34
Q

Extramedullary haematopoises in B and Alpha thalassaemia leads to

A

skeletal abnormalities

35
Q

Eliptocytosis

A

spectrin

36
Q

Treatment for hereditary spherocytosis

A

splenectomy

37
Q

MPN

A

essential thrombocythaemia (XS platelets)

38
Q

Polycythamia vera

A

XS HBC/Hb

39
Q

myelofibrosis

A

XS hardening of bone marrow

40
Q

JAK2 gene

A

tyrosine kinase

41
Q

Primary and secondary haemopotises

A

primary = bone marrow
secondary = increase EPO

42
Q

Hydroxycarbamide inhibits

A

DNA synthesis

43
Q

What is Imatinib

A

tyrosine kinase inhibitor

44
Q

Renal cell carcinoma can increase EPO and cause

A

secondary polycythaemia

45
Q

Megakaryocytes produce

A

platelets

46
Q

Cytokines lead to

A

iron dysregulation, marrow decreased EPO response, reduced life span of RBCs

47
Q

Prior to EPO therapy, ensure

A

adequate iron, Vit B12, folate

48
Q

Felty’s syndrome

A

RA, splenomegaly, neutropenia

49
Q

DIC =

A

bruising, low platelet, increased clot time, increased D dimers

50
Q

Liver disease

A

Thrombocytopenia (splenic pooling)

51
Q

RBCs in anaemia of chronic disease

A

often normochromic and normocytic

Sem 1 (10 decks)

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