MEH haematology

Question 1

EPO

Answer 1

kidney, RBC production

Question 2

Thrombopoietin

Answer 2

liver and kidney, plateler production

Question 3

spleen made up of

Answer 3

red pulp (macrophages)
white pulp (lymphoid follicles)

Question 4

Spleen functions

Answer 4

sequestration and phagocytosis, pooling, extra medullary haematopoiesis, Immunity

Question 5

Howell Jolly

Answer 5

DNA remnants

Question 6

Splenic sepsis

Answer 6

from encapsulated bacteria in hyposplenism, strep progenies, haemophilias influenza, meningococcus

Question 7

Spectrin

Answer 7

actin crosslink

Question 8

Ankyrin

Answer 8

Proteins to cytoskeleton

Question 9

band 3

Answer 9

Chloride and bicarbonate exchange

Question 10

Protein 4.2

Answer 10

ATP binding

Question 11

Hereditary spherocytosis

Answer 11

ankyrin mutation/spectrin

Question 12

Sepsis and viruses lead to

Answer 12

neutropenia

Question 13

Haemorrhage leads to

Answer 13

neutrophilia

Question 14

Neutrophil =

Answer 14

granulocyte

Question 15

Fhb goes to

Answer 15

adult Hb at 3-6 months

Question 16

Anisocytosis

Answer 16

size variation

Question 17

MCV

Answer 17

size of RBC

Question 18

Thalassemia

Answer 18

mutation in globin, decreased MCV

Question 19

RDW

Answer 19

red cell distribution width

Question 20

G6PDH deficiency can cause

Answer 20

Heinz bodies

Question 21

Pyruvate kinase deficiency can cause

Answer 21

anaemia

Question 22

Microcytic anaemias =

Answer 22

TAILS

Question 23

B12 binds to

Answer 23

haptocorrin, pernicious anaemia = B12 deficiency

Question 24

Coombs test measures

Answer 24

antibodies on RBC

Question 25

MAHA =

Answer 25

haemoglobinaemia (Hb in blood due to breakdown)

Question 26

B12 features

Answer 26

animal origin, stores last 3-6 years

Question 27

Anaemia

Answer 27

Hb lower than normal

Question 28

TAILS

Answer 28

T (alpha or beta) reduced global chain synthesis Ails is reduced haem synthesis

Question 29

Absorption of iron

Answer 29

reductase, DMT1, Ferroportin into blood, Transferrin transports iron around body

Question 30

Hepcidin

Answer 30

produced by liver, inhibits ferroportin

Question 31

Iron deposited in organs as

Answer 31

haemosiderin

Question 32

HFE protein

Answer 32

lowers transferrin and increases hepcidin (not in hereditary haemochromatosis)

Question 33

Fenton reaction causes

Answer 33

hydroxyl radicals

Question 34

Extramedullary haematopoises in B and Alpha thalassaemia leads to

Answer 34

skeletal abnormalities

Question 35

Eliptocytosis

Answer 35

spectrin

Question 36

Treatment for hereditary spherocytosis

Answer 36

splenectomy

Question 37

MPN

Answer 37

essential thrombocythaemia (XS platelets)

Question 38

Polycythamia vera

Answer 38

XS HBC/Hb

Question 39

myelofibrosis

Answer 39

XS hardening of bone marrow

Question 40

JAK2 gene

Answer 40

tyrosine kinase

Question 41

Primary and secondary haemopotises

Answer 41

primary = bone marrow secondary = increase EPO

Question 42

Hydroxycarbamide inhibits

Answer 42

DNA synthesis

Question 43

What is Imatinib

Answer 43

tyrosine kinase inhibitor

Question 44

Renal cell carcinoma can increase EPO and cause

Answer 44

secondary polycythaemia

Question 45

Megakaryocytes produce

Answer 45

platelets

Question 46

Cytokines lead to

Answer 46

iron dysregulation, marrow decreased EPO response, reduced life span of RBCs

Question 47

Prior to EPO therapy, ensure

Answer 47

adequate iron, Vit B12, folate

Question 48

Felty's syndrome

Answer 48

RA, splenomegaly, neutropenia

Question 49

DIC =

Answer 49

bruising, low platelet, increased clot time, increased D dimers

Question 50

Liver disease

Answer 50

Thrombocytopenia (splenic pooling)

Question 51

RBCs in anaemia of chronic disease

Answer 51

often normochromic and normocytic