MEH endocrinology Flashcards
Peptide hormones
insuline, glucagon, GH
water soluble
Glycoproteins
FSH, LH, TSH
Water soluble
Amines
adrenalines, water soluble
Thyroid and steroid hormones
lipid soluble
What promotes hunger
NPY and AgRP promote hunger at arcuate nucleus
What promotes satiety
POMC
what is released by ileum and colon to suppress appetite
PYY
what suppress appetite
leptin, insulin and amylin
What increases hunger
ghrelin
Hypothalamus regulates
thirst
Cortisol
lipid soluble, needs carrier protein
Steroid hormones bind to
nuclear receptors
features of exocrine pancreas
acinar cells (digestive enzymes) and ductal cells (bicarbonate ions)
Islets of Langerhans
Beta insulin and alpha glucagon
Closure of K ATP in beta cell causes
depolarisation and exocytosis of insulin due to ATP increased
Diabetes mellitus =
Chronic hyperglycaemia. T1 = absolute
Bonds in insulin
3 disulphide
Insulin features
uses tyrosine kinase receptor, 5 min half life
Glucagon promotes
gluconeogenesis
GLUT 2
primary transporter in pancreatic beta cells
Kir 6.2 causes
neonatal diabetes mellitus if mutated
99% of pancreatic tissue has
exocrine function
HbA1c
glycosylated form of Hb
Reduced plasma HDL =
metabolic syndrome
Normal plasma glucose
3.3-6 mmol/litre
Metformin
reduces gluconeogenesis, helps in T2
Insulin
peptide, broken down in GI to amino acids
Diabetic ketoacidosis
increased lipolysis
Pituitary gland
Anterior (gland, primitive gut)
Posterior (primitive brain, not gland)
hypothalamus produces
OT and ADH, released from PP
production of TSH
TRH goes to TSH (thyroid)
Production of cortisol
CHH goes to ACTH (cortisol, adrenals)
Production of prolactin
TRH goes to prolactin (inhibited by PIH/dopamine)
GH production
GHRH goes to GH (inhibited by GHIH/somatostatin)
gamete production
GnRH goes to LH and FSH