Meds for the blood Flashcards
What are components of the Hematologic system?
RBC, WBC, Platelets, Plasma
What are some disorders that occur in the blood?
Clotting, DVT (deep vein Thrombus), Stroke, PE (pulmonary Embolism), Infection
DRUG: HEPARIN
How does it work?
Common Use?
When should we not use this drug?
Side effects?
Interactions:
- Heparin = Active antithrombin lll (blood thinner) and inactive Xa and Thrombin (blood clotting), by doing this essentially it thins the blood and stops it from clotting!!
Common use:
prevent DVT and PE,
Prevent clotting during Hemodialysis
Prevent clotting during Arterial and Venous cath.
Don’t use when: - allergic
- current bleeding disorder
- hypertension
- Recent brain, eye, and spinal surgery
- Infective endocarditis
Side effect: - Bleeding
- Thrombocytopenia
- Spinal Hematoma
Interaction:
-Anticoagulant drugs - thrombolytic drugs
- Ginkgo biloba
- NSAID
-Aspirins
Who gets Hemodialysis:
Those whose kidneys no longer remove enough waste and fluids
Why are the cons of using anticoagulant drugs, ginkgo Biloba, NSAIDS, Aspirins :
Increase bleeding risk!
Thrombolytic drug’s goal and interaction with heparin:
Also known as Fibrinolytics: dissolves blood clots already formed. Given typically during acute situations such as stroke, PE, MI
Heparin is a prevention med for those conditions
In some cases, they can be used together one given when the situation happens: Thrombolytic drugs aka Fibrinolytic and the Heparin as a prevention.
Drug given to reverse Heparin:
Protamine
Monitoring for Heparin/ Enoxaparin
Regular monitoring of aPTT or anti-Xa levels is necessary to adjust the dose and ensure therapeutic levels are achieved.
What should the nurse teach someone on heparin/ Enoxaparin.
- Signs of bleeding call the provider
- Follow up on labs
- Take as requested, don’t miss a dose
- Allergic reaction: Rash, itching, difficulty breathing stop, call the DR!
- Avoid risk of bleeding
- Know what medications are not good while on Heparin
DRUG: Enoxaparin
How does it work?
Common Use?
When should we not use this drug?
Side effects?
Interactions:
Works by inhibiting activity of the factor Xa clotting factors, preventing the formation of blood clots. = Lower doses of Heparin
- Common use:
DVT
PE
STEMI
Surgical procedures
- We should not use this drug:
Active major Bleeding
using Heparin
- Side effects:
Bleeding/Bruising
injection site reaction
low platelet count
Spinal epidural hematoma
Interactions:
anticoagulant drugs, thrombolytic drugs, Garlic, ginkgo biloba, NSAIDs, and Aspirins.
What does Vit. K do
clot blood
DRUG: Warparin
How does it work?
Common Use?
When should we not use this drug?
Side effects?
Helps by being a Anticoagulant (prevent clots)
Common use:
- prevent and treat: A- Fib, DVT, PE, TIA (trans ischemic attacks - Mini stroke)
- After surgeries
- After Heart Valve replacement
Don’t use:
- Active bleeding
- Severe liver/ Kidney Disease
- Uncontrolled Hypertension
- recent or upcoming major surgeries
Side Effects:
- Bruising/ Bleeding
-nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss, and skin necrosis.
Dabigatran Mechanism of Action:
Binding with and inhibiting thrombin, prevent a clots
Common reason for using Dabigatran
have A-Fib, prevent of DVT, PE
Side effects of Dabigatran
GI upset
forms Ulcers
Bleeding
What can we do to prevent ulcers
Give Prilosec
Who can’t use Dabigtran?
Those with kidney issues
Rivaroxaban Action:
- Prevents formation of thrombin
Who should not use Rivaroxabin
Those with Liver issues
If a patient gets and epidural how long should we wait to remove the epidural if they are on Rivaroxaban
18 hours atleast
Asprin is a what?
NSAID
- nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that works by inhibiting the production of certain chemicals in the body that causes inflammation, pain, and fever.
It also prevents blood clot formation by inhibiting platelet aggregation.
USE: *
What is a daily dose for Aspirin
325mg/ 81mg
When should you not take Aspirin
Liver and Kidney issues
Children and teen: cause REYE syndrome
- Cause Tinnitus
Educating patients on taking Aspirins
Take with food or milk
What Medication can be taken with Aspirin
Clopidogrel
Which Medication destroy fibrinogen but can only be given by an RN
ALTEPLASE
One major side effect of ALTEPLASE so what should we watch for
Cause brain to bleed
- Headaches
- Mental impairments
- Vision change
Clopidogrel is unique be for patient who don’t have access to a lab why?
- Routine lab work is not needed
What does antimicrobial do?
Destroys the cell wall of bacteria. Impairs bacteria protein synthesis; inhibits viral replication
Reason to use Antimicrobials:
to treat widespread/selective bacterial infections.
Antimicrobial medications Bad for pregnant women
Sulfonamides
Gentamicin
Tetracyclines
