Eye and ears Meds

Question 1

Glaucoma

Answer 1

The imbalance between the production and drainage of the aqueous fluid.

Question 2

Risk of Glaucoma

Answer 2

• Optic nerve damage can occur
• Over the age of 60
• Blindness can occur
• Black or Hispanic
• Myopia (Nearsighted)
• Hypertension ‘
• Stroke
• Renal decease
• Increase pressure on eyes

Question 3

Most common Glaucoma:

Answer 3

Open-angle Glaucoma

Question 4

What is open-angle Glaucoma

Answer 4

Gradual Pressure
**Client usually dont notice until there is a widespread of damage **
halo around lights
limited peripheral vision
headaches

Question 5

Why do headaches occur in patients with open-angle glaucoma

Answer 5

Due to straining

Question 6

Narrow- Angle Glaucoma

Answer 6

• Sudden and Rapid
• Emergency
• blurry vision
• Halo Light
• Eye Pain

Question 7

Latanoprost is used for which type of Glaucoma

Answer 7

Open- Angle Glaucoma

Question 8

What does Latanoprost do?

Answer 8

Relax Ciliary Muscles

Question 9

Side effects of Latanoprost:

Answer 9

Stinging/Irritation
Permanent brown pigmentation
change in the Iris and eyebrows
Blur vision
Migraine
Bonus: Help with eyelash growth

Question 10

What class of medication is Latanoprost:

Answer 10

Prostaglandin

Question 11

Decrease rate of production of aqueous humor

Answer 11

Trimolol / Less expensive

Question 12

What kind of class of medication is Trimolol

Answer 12

Beta-adrenergic blocker

Question 13

-OLOL

Answer 13

Beta-blocker/ Lower BP

Question 14

Side effects of Latanoprost

Answer 14

Irritation
Burning
Bradycardia
Bronchospasms
Hypotension

Question 15

What does Brimonidine do and what class is Brimonidine

Answer 15

• Decrease production and increase the outflow of aqueous humor/ Alpha 2 - adrenergic

Question 16

Side Effects of Brimonidine

Answer 16

• Dilated pupils
• headaches
• dry mouth
• Reddened
• Stinging
• Hypertension/ drowsiness

Question 17

Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors

Answer 17

Acetazolamide and Methazolamide

Question 18

Unique about Acetazolamide and Methzolamide

Answer 18

• Diuretic Effects
• works fast
• Altitude sickness
  -Seizures
• Heart Failure

Question 19

Side effects of Acetazolamide and Methazolamide

Answer 19

Frequent urination
high risk for anaphylaxis
bone marrow suppression
impaired glucose
CNS disturbances
Diarrhea, Nausea
Dehydration

Avoid:
- Pregnant or aspirin and lithium

Question 20

Osmotic Agent

Answer 20

Mannitol

Question 21

Mannitol does what?

Answer 21

• Draw Fluid from the eye CNS
• Rapid Treatment: Prevent blindness

Question 22

Side effect of Mannitol

Answer 22

Electrolyte Imbalance
Frequent urination

Question 23

Macular degeneration:

Answer 23

• A portion of the eye at the center of the eye
• Look straight ahead
• Break down of tissue
• Wet or Dry

Question 24

Dry Macular Degeneration

Answer 24

• Layer of retina breakdown
• yellow deposits develop under the retina
• Causing blurring in center of field vision

Question 25

Wet Macular degeneration

Answer 25

• Sudden onset
  -Increase in blood vessel growth
  -increase risk for hemorrhage and scaring
• rapid eye loss

Question 26

Angio

Answer 26

Blood Vessel

Question 27

Genesis

Answer 27

Development of blood vessels

Question 28

What is Ranibizumab, Pregaptanib, Afilbercept

Answer 28

Angiogenesis inhibitors:
- Habits progress and build-up of blood vessels
- Administration: Injects directly into the eye every 4 - 8 weeks.

Question 29

Side effects of Angiogenesis Inhibitors

Answer 29

Meds: Ranibizumab, pregaptanib, Afilbercept
-increase pressure
-Hemorrhage
-Eye pain
-Loss of vision
-Vitreous (gel-like fluid that fills your eye.)

Don’t use it if you have an infection.

Question 30

Conjunctivitis

Answer 30

• Pink eye
• infection: Pus
• Inflammation: Redness

Question 31

Pink eye medications

Answer 31

Erythromycin, prednisolone ophthalmic

Question 32

Ear Infection

Answer 32

Otitis Externa
Otitis Media

Question 33

Otitis Media

Answer 33

Middle ear infection
- Build up of fluid
- high fever in babies
- Pharyngitis ( swollen throat)

Question 34

Management of ear infections:

Answer 34

Ciprofloxacin plus hydrocortisone: Bactericidal to treat infection and anti-inflammatory to manage symptoms.

Question 35

What is superinfection

Answer 35

Resistance to antibodies

Question 36

Otitis Externa

Answer 36

Also, known as a swimmer’s ear
Caused by water
growth of bacteria

Question 37

What is Cerumen

Answer 37

Ear Wax
- Trap bacteria
- too much can cause hearing loss

Question 38

Treatment for ear wax

Answer 38

is ear drops: Softens the ear wax

Question 39

Medication application for children vs adults in the ears

Answer 39

Children: Pull out and down
Adult: Pull out and up

Question 40

What medications are the first line of defense for eye disorders

Answer 40

• Prostaglandin analogs: Latanoprost
• Beta-Adrenergic blockers: - olol (Timolol, Carteolol, Metipranolol, Levobunolol)

Question 41

Beta-blockers does what

Answer 41

Decrease IOP by decreasing the amount of aqueous humor produced.

Question 42

Beta Blocker Therapeutic use:

Answer 42

• Treats Primary Open- angles Glaucoma (POAG)
• Topical medication to lower IOP
• Occasionally used to treat acute closed-angle glaucoma on an emergency basis.

Question 43

Who can’t use Prostaglandin analogs and Beta-blockers:

Answer 43

• Pregnancy
• Lactation
• Chronic respiratory issues
• Sinus bradycardia or AV heart block
• Client who has heart failure uses cation.

Question 44

Education for Brimonidine

Answer 44

• Client who wears soft contact lenses to admins, wait 15 mins after administration to prevent absorption of medication into the lens.
• Monitor B/p for hypotension or hypertension
• Inform provider if taking MAOI’s
• Inform the provider if taking antihypertensive.

Question 45

Complication of taking Antimicrobials

Answer 45

• Possible Allergic Reaction
• Gi upset
• Superinfection

*Safe for pregnancy and Lactation