Eye and ears Meds Flashcards
Glaucoma
The imbalance between the production and drainage of the aqueous fluid.
Risk of Glaucoma
- Optic nerve damage can occur
- Over the age of 60
- Blindness can occur
- Black or Hispanic
- Myopia (Nearsighted)
- Hypertension ‘
- Stroke
- Renal decease
- Increase pressure on eyes
Most common Glaucoma:
Open-angle Glaucoma
What is open-angle Glaucoma
Gradual Pressure
**Client usually dont notice until there is a widespread of damage **
halo around lights
limited peripheral vision
headaches
Why do headaches occur in patients with open-angle glaucoma
Due to straining
Narrow- Angle Glaucoma
- Sudden and Rapid
- Emergency
- blurry vision
- Halo Light
- Eye Pain
Latanoprost is used for which type of Glaucoma
Open- Angle Glaucoma
What does Latanoprost do?
Relax Ciliary Muscles
Side effects of Latanoprost:
Stinging/Irritation
Permanent brown pigmentation
change in the Iris and eyebrows
Blur vision
Migraine
Bonus: Help with eyelash growth
What class of medication is Latanoprost:
Prostaglandin
Decrease rate of production of aqueous humor
Trimolol / Less expensive
What kind of class of medication is Trimolol
Beta-adrenergic blocker
-OLOL
Beta-blocker/ Lower BP
Side effects of Latanoprost
Irritation
Burning
Bradycardia
Bronchospasms
Hypotension
What does Brimonidine do and what class is Brimonidine
- Decrease production and increase the outflow of aqueous humor/ Alpha 2 - adrenergic
Side Effects of Brimonidine
- Dilated pupils
- headaches
- dry mouth
- Reddened
- Stinging
- Hypertension/ drowsiness
Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors
Acetazolamide and Methazolamide
Unique about Acetazolamide and Methzolamide
- Diuretic Effects
- works fast
- Altitude sickness
-Seizures - Heart Failure
Side effects of Acetazolamide and Methazolamide
Frequent urination
high risk for anaphylaxis
bone marrow suppression
impaired glucose
CNS disturbances
Diarrhea, Nausea
Dehydration
Avoid:
- Pregnant or aspirin and lithium
Osmotic Agent
Mannitol
Mannitol does what?
- Draw Fluid from the eye CNS
- Rapid Treatment: Prevent blindness
Side effect of Mannitol
Electrolyte Imbalance
Frequent urination
Macular degeneration:
- A portion of the eye at the center of the eye
- Look straight ahead
- Break down of tissue
- Wet or Dry
Dry Macular Degeneration
- Layer of retina breakdown
- yellow deposits develop under the retina
- Causing blurring in center of field vision
Wet Macular degeneration
- Sudden onset
-Increase in blood vessel growth
-increase risk for hemorrhage and scaring - rapid eye loss
Angio
Blood Vessel
Genesis
Development of blood vessels
What is Ranibizumab, Pregaptanib, Afilbercept
Angiogenesis inhibitors:
- Habits progress and build-up of blood vessels
- Administration: Injects directly into the eye every 4 - 8 weeks.
Side effects of Angiogenesis Inhibitors
Meds: Ranibizumab, pregaptanib, Afilbercept
-increase pressure
-Hemorrhage
-Eye pain
-Loss of vision
-Vitreous (gel-like fluid that fills your eye.)
Don’t use it if you have an infection.
Conjunctivitis
- Pink eye
- infection: Pus
- Inflammation: Redness
Pink eye medications
Erythromycin, prednisolone ophthalmic
Ear Infection
Otitis Externa
Otitis Media
Otitis Media
Middle ear infection
- Build up of fluid
- high fever in babies
- Pharyngitis ( swollen throat)
Management of ear infections:
Ciprofloxacin plus hydrocortisone: Bactericidal to treat infection and anti-inflammatory to manage symptoms.
What is superinfection
Resistance to antibodies
Otitis Externa
Also, known as a swimmer’s ear
Caused by water
growth of bacteria
What is Cerumen
Ear Wax
- Trap bacteria
- too much can cause hearing loss
Treatment for ear wax
is ear drops: Softens the ear wax
Medication application for children vs adults in the ears
Children: Pull out and down
Adult: Pull out and up
What medications are the first line of defense for eye disorders
- Prostaglandin analogs: Latanoprost
- Beta-Adrenergic blockers: - olol (Timolol, Carteolol, Metipranolol, Levobunolol)
Beta-blockers does what
Decrease IOP by decreasing the amount of aqueous humor produced.
Beta Blocker Therapeutic use:
- Treats Primary Open- angles Glaucoma (POAG)
- Topical medication to lower IOP
- Occasionally used to treat acute closed-angle glaucoma on an emergency basis.
Who can’t use Prostaglandin analogs and Beta-blockers:
- Pregnancy
- Lactation
- Chronic respiratory issues
- Sinus bradycardia or AV heart block
- Client who has heart failure uses cation.
Education for Brimonidine
- Client who wears soft contact lenses to admins, wait 15 mins after administration to prevent absorption of medication into the lens.
- Monitor B/p for hypotension or hypertension
- Inform provider if taking MAOI’s
- Inform the provider if taking antihypertensive.
Complication of taking Antimicrobials
- Possible Allergic Reaction
- Gi upset
- Superinfection
*Safe for pregnancy and Lactation
