Meds/EMT Flashcards
Oxygen via NC
1-6 lpm
Route: gas/inhalation
Contraindications: COPD, open flames
Nitroglycerin
1 tab/spray 0.4mg Sub-lingual up to 3 doses or BP > 100 systolic
Route: spray
Contraindications: hypotension and sexual enhancement drugs
Aspirin
81-324mg PO
Route: oral
Contraindications: hypersensitivity recent bleeding stomach ulcers
Epinephrine Adult
0.3mg IM for anaphlaxis
Auto injector intramuscular
Contraindications: sexual enhancement and hypotension drug
Albuterol
2.5mg in 3ml NS nebulized solution up to ____mg
Contraindications : hypersensitivity hypothermia tachycardia, myocardial infarction
Route: oral
Oral Glucose
Tablets 4 grams each max 15 grams
15 grams (entire tube) PO up to 2 tubes
Route: oral
Contraindication: decreased LOC,nausea, vomiting
Epinephrine Pedi
0.15mg IM for anaphlaxis, 2 dose max q 5min
Auto injector intramuscular
Contraindications: sexual enhancement and hypotension drug
Activated Charcoal
1mg/kg or 2x amount of substance if known with water
Contradictors: poison overdose
Route: oral
Oxygen via NRB
15 lpm
Route: gas/inhalation
Contraindications: COPD, open flames
As you begin ventilating an unresponsive apneic man, you hear gurgling in his upper airway. Your MOST immediate action should be to:
A: quickly turn the patient onto his side so secretions can drain.
B: suction the patient’s airway for no longer than 15 seconds.
C: reposition the patient’s airway and continue ventilations.
D: squeeze the bag-mask device with less force and reassess.
A: quickly turn the patient onto his side so secretions can drain.
An elderly woman with COPD presents with a decreased level of consciousness, cyanosis to her face and neck, and labored respirations. Her pulse is rapid and weak and her oxygen saturation is 76%. You should:
A: insert a nasal airway and give her oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.
B: avoid high-flow oxygen because this may cause her to stop breathing.
C: assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device and high-flow oxygen.
D: apply oxygen via nasal cannula and reassess her respiratory status.
C: assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device and high-flow oxygen.
A 56-year-old man has labored, shallow breathing at a rate of 28 breaths/min. He is responsive to pain only. You should:
A: ventilate him with a bag-mask device at a rate of 30 breaths/min.
B: suction his mouth for 15 seconds and insert an oropharyngeal airway.
C: insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisting his ventilations.
D: place him on his side and administer oxygen via nonrebreathing mask.
C: insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisting his ventilations.
How should you treat an unresponsive, uninjured patient with respirations of 16 breaths/min and good chest expansion?
A: Jaw-thrust maneuver and frequent suctioning
B: Oropharyngeal suctioning and assisted ventilations
C: Suctioning as needed and artificial ventilations
D: Airway adjunct and oxygen via nonrebreathing mask
D: Airway adjunct and oxygen via nonrebreathing mask
You are administering oxygen to a woman with asthma who took two puffs of her prescribed inhaler without relief prior to your arrival. Your next action should be to:
A: contact medical control for further advice.
B: provide immediate transport to the hospital.
C: confirm that her inhaler is prescribed to her.
D: administer one more puff from the inhaler.
A: contact medical control for further advice.
Agonal respirations are not adequate because they are:
A: the result of an increase in tidal volume.
B: infrequent, gasping respiratory efforts.
C: associated with a prolonged inhalation phase.
D: characterized by a rapid, irregular pattern.
B: infrequent, gasping respiratory efforts.
The active, muscular part of breathing is called:
A: inhalation.
B: expiration.
C: ventilation.
D: respiration.
A: inhalation
You are ventilating an apneic 50-year-old woman with a bag-mask device. After squeezing the bag and noting visible chest rise, you should:
A: suction the airway for up to 15 seconds.
B: allow the patient to completely exhale.
C: reopen the airway and ventilate again.
D: squeeze the bag again in 3 seconds.
B: allow the patient to completely exhale.
A patient with a mild foreign body airway obstruction:
A: is typically not cyanotic.
B: has progressive difficulty breathing.
C: has a low oxygen saturation.
D: presents with a weak cough.
A: is typically not cyanotic.
Patients with a hypoxic drive:
A: are stimulated to breathe by low oxygen levels in the blood.
B: rarely become cyanotic because of high blood oxygen levels.
C: may hypoventilate if given low concentrations of oxygen.
D: are accustomed to low levels of carbon dioxide in the blood.
A: are stimulated to breathe by low oxygen levels in the blood.
Which of the following describes the correct method for inserting a nasopharyngeal airway?
A: Apply firm, gentle pressure if you meet resistance during insertion.
B: Rotate the device as you insert it into the right nostril.
C: Insert the device with the bevel facing the septum.
D: Insert the device with the bevel facing the lateral part of the nose.
C: Insert the device with the bevel facing the septum.
When ventilating an apneic patient, you note decreased ventilatory compliance. This means that:
A: fluid is occupying the alveoli.
B: the upper airway is blocked.
C: you meet no resistance when ventilating.
D: the lungs are difficult to ventilate.
D: the lungs are difficult to ventilate.
Which of the following patients has signs of inadequate breathing?
A: A 50-year-old woman with respirations of 12 breaths/min and pink, dry skin
B: A 41-year-old woman with shallow respirations of 14 breaths/min
C: A 30-year-old man with respirations of 12 breaths/min with adequate depth
D: A 60-year-old man with clear and equal breath sounds bilaterally
B: A 41-year-old woman with shallow respirations of 14 breaths/min
Snoring respirations in an unresponsive patient are usually the result of:
A: swelling of the upper airway structures.
B: collapse of the trachea during breathing.
C: foreign body airway obstruction.
D: upper airway obstruction by the tongue.
D: upper airway obstruction by the tongue.
In which of the following situations should the jaw-thrust maneuver be used?
A: In a patient with apnea with no signs of trauma
B: In a patient who is in need of frequent suctioning
C: When the mechanism of injury is unclear
D: In any patient who is in cardiac arrest
C: When the mechanism of injury is unclear
Which of the following devices should NOT be used in an unresponsive apneic patient with blunt chest trauma?
A: Oral airway
B: Oxygen-powered ventilator
C: Bag-mask device
D: Nasal airway
B: Oxygen-powered ventilator
Which of the following is the preferred initial method for providing artificial ventilations to an apneic adult?
A: Flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device
B: Two-person bag-valve-mask technique with 100% oxygen
C: One-person bag-valve-mask technique with 100% oxygen
D: Mouth-to-mask technique with supplemental oxygen
D: Mouth-to-mask technique with supplemental oxygen
During your assessment of an unresponsive adult female, you determine that she is apneic. You should:
A: deliver two rescue breaths.
B: place an oropharyngeal airway.
C: assess for a carotid pulse.
D: begin chest compressions.
C: assess for a carotid pulse.
An elderly man is found lying unresponsive next to his bed. The patient’s wife did not witness the events that led to his unresponsiveness. You should:
A: grasp the angles of the lower jaw and lift.
B: tilt the head back and lift up the chin.
C: assess the patient’s respirations.
D: apply 100% supplemental oxygen.
A: grasp the angles of the lower jaw and lift.
Signs of inadequate breathing in an unresponsive patient include:
A: an irregular pulse.
B: cyanotic oral mucosa.
C: symmetrical chest rise.
D: warm, moist skin.
B: cyanotic oral mucosa.
A 50-year-old man, who fell approximately 20 feet and landed on a hard surface, is semiconscious. You should:
A: gently tilt the patient’s head back to assess for breathing.
B: check for a carotid pulse if the patient is breathing rapidly.
C: begin positive-pressure ventilations with a bag-mask device.
D: stabilize his head while performing the jaw-thrust maneuver.
D: stabilize his head while performing the jaw-thrust maneuver.
Sonorous respirations are MOST rapidly corrected by:
A: initiating assisted ventilations.
B: correctly positioning the head.
C: suctioning the oropharynx.
D: inserting an oropharyngeal airway.
B: correctly positioning the head.
A reduction in tidal volume would MOST likely occur from:
A: accessory muscle use.
B: unequal chest expansion.
C: increased minute volume.
D: flaring of the nostrils.
B: unequal chest expansion
Which of the following airway sounds indicates a lower airway obstruction?
A: Stridor
B: Gurgling
C: Wheezing
D: Crowing
C: Wheezing
Which of the following occurs during positive-pressure ventilation?
A: Oxygen is pulled into the lungs
B: Blood is drawn back to the heart
C: The esophagus remains closed
D: Intrathoracic pressure increases
D: Intrathoracic pressure increases
A patient has severe facial injuries, inadequate breathing, and copious secretions coming from the mouth. How should this situation be managed?
A: Alternate suctioning for 15 seconds and ventilations for 2 minutes.
B: Provide artificial ventilations and suction for 30 seconds as needed.
C: Insert an oropharyngeal airway and suction until the secretions clear.
D: Turn the patient to the side and provide continuous oral suctioning.
A: Alternate suctioning for 15 seconds and ventilations for 2 minutes.
After an initial attempt to ventilate an unresponsive apneic patient fails, you reposition the patient’s head and reattempt ventilation without success. You should next:
A: perform chest compressions, open the airway, and look in the mouth.
B: turn the patient onto his side and deliver 5 to 10 back slaps.
C: administer 5 to 10 abdominal thrusts and reattempt to ventilate.
D: perform continuous chest compressions until ALS personnel arrive.
A: perform chest compressions, open the airway, and look in the mouth.
Which of the following processes occurs during inhalation?
A: The intercostal muscles and diaphragm both contract.
B: The diaphragm descends and the intercostal muscles relax.
C: The diaphragm contracts and the intercostal muscles relax.
D: The intercostal muscles relax and the diaphragm descends.
A: The intercostal muscles and diaphragm both contract.
During your assessment of a trauma patient, you note massive facial injuries, weak radial pulses, and clammy skin. What should be your MOST immediate concern?
A: Applying 100% supplemental oxygen
B: Potential obstruction of the airway
C: Providing rapid transport to a trauma center
D: Internal bleeding and severe shock
B: Potential obstruction of the airway
Which of the following statements regarding the head tilt-chin lift maneuver is correct?
A: It should be used on all unresponsive patients that you encounter.
B: It should be used in conjunction with an appropriate airway adjunct.
C: It is the technique of choice for patients with potential spinal injury.
D: It can only be used in conjunction with an oropharyngeal airway.
B: It should be used in conjunction with an appropriate airway adjunct.
Which of the following processes occurs during cellular/capillary gas exchange?
A: The cells give up oxygen to the capillaries.
B: The capillaries give up carbon dioxide to the cells.
C: The capillaries give up oxygen to the cells.
D: The cells receive carbon dioxide from the capillaries.
C: The capillaries give up oxygen to the cells.
When ventilating an unresponsive apneic adult with a bag-mask device, you should ensure that:
A: ventilations occur at a rate of 20 breaths/min.
B: an airway adjunct has been inserted.
C: you are positioned alongside the patient.
D: manually occlude the pop-off relief valve.
B: an airway adjunct has been inserted.
While providing initial ventilations to an apneic adult with a bag-mask device, you note minimal rise of the chest. You should:
A: increase the volume of your ventilations.
B: attach an oxygen reservoir to the bag-mask device.
C: suction the airway for up to 15 seconds.
D: switch to a smaller mask for the bag-mask device.
A: increase the volume of your ventilations.
Which of the following injuries or conditions should be managed FIRST?
A: Bilateral fractures of the femurs
B: Fluid drainage from both ears
C: A large open abdominal wound
D: Bleeding within the oral cavity
D: Bleeding within the oral cavity
The MOST effective way to determine if you are providing adequate volume during artificial ventilation is:
A: checking the pupils for increased reactivity.
B: assessing the pulse for an improving heart rate.
C: assessing the chest for adequate rise.
D: checking the skin for improvement of cyanosis.
C: assessing the chest for adequate rise.
While managing a patient with acute shortness of breath, you prepare and apply a nonrebreathing mask set at 12 L/min. The patient pulls the mask away from his face, stating that it is smothering him. You should:
A: inform the patient that refusing oxygen may result in his death.
B: reassure the patient and apply a nasal cannula instead.
C: increase the oxygen flow and reapply the mask.
D: securely tape the oxygen mask to the patient’s face.
B: reassure the patient and apply a nasal cannula instead.
A male patient overdosed on several drugs and is unresponsive with shallow breathing and facial cyanosis. As you continue your assessment, the patient suddenly vomits. You should:
A: begin assisting his ventilations.
B: suction his oropharynx at once.
C: insert an oropharyngeal airway.
D: turn the patient onto his side.
D: turn the patient onto his side.
Which of the following patients is the BEST candidate for an oropharyngeal airway?
A: An unresponsive patient with uncontrolled oropharyngeal bleeding
B: A semiconscious patient who ingested a large quantity of aspirin
C: An unresponsive trauma patient with blood draining from the nose
D: Any patient that you suspect of being acutely hypoxemic
C: An unresponsive trauma patient with blood draining from the nose
A 22-year-old male has a shard of glass impaled in his cheek. You look inside his mouth and see minor bleeding. The patient is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. You should:
A: carefully stabilize the shard of glass and allow him to suction his own mouth.
B: remove the shard of glass and place gauze in his mouth to control the bleeding.
C: carefully remove the shard of glass in the same direction that it entered.
D: be prepared for severe bleeding as you carefully remove the shard of glass.
A: carefully stabilize the shard of glass and allow him to suction his own mouth.
In what position would you expect a patient with severe dyspnea to be in?
A: Supine
B: Prone
C: Lateral recumbent
D: Fowler’s
D: Fowler’s
A middle-aged woman presents with acute shortness of breath. Her breathing is labored and she is able to speak in broken sentences. You should:
A: deliver humidified oxygen and administer an inhaled bronchodilator.
B: place her supine and assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device.
C: ensure that her oxygen saturation does not fall below 85 percent.
D: administer high-flow oxygen and assess the quality of her breathing.
D: administer high-flow oxygen and assess the quality of her breathing.
