EMT B Flashcards
Which of the following conditions would be most likely to create liability for an EMT-B who allows refusal of care and transport
A. The patient states he is fully aware of the consequences of not seeking medical care
B. The patient and EMT B do not share a common language
C. The patient willingly signs a release of liability form
D. None of the above would create liability; The EMT/B is protected by the good Samaritan law
The patient willingly signs a release of liability form
Which of the following is the EMT’s primary responsibility at a crime scene?
A. Identify any potential suspects encountered at the scene
B. His or her own safety
C. Preservation of evidence
D. Taking notes that may be needed later doing court testimony
His or her own safety
Which of the following situations best illustrates the act of abandonment by the EMT?
A. The EMT resuscitates a patient Who has a DNR order signed by his physician
B. An EMT who is off duty sees a motor vehicle collision with probable injuries but does not stop to help
C. An EMT transports a patient to the emergency department and has the patient wait in the waiting room, but does not tell anyone the patient is there
D. An EMT begins care of a patient, then turns the patient over to a paramedic
An EMT transports a patient to the emergency department and has the patient wait in the waiting room but does not tell anyone the patient is there
The blood vessels surrounding the alveoli are A. Veins B. Arteries C. Arterioles D. Capillaries
Capillaries
The two most easily injured portion of the spine are the A. Lumbar and sacral B. Cervical and Thoracic C. Cervical and lumbar D. Sacral and coccygeal
Cervical and lumbar
A patient had a seizure that lasted about 3 minutes. At the time of your initial assessment she is unresponsive to all stimuli, is breathing deeply at about 20 times per minute and has gurgling noises on respiration due to an accumulation of secretions in the mouth and the pharynx.
A. Immediately apply a non-rebreather mask with 12 L per minute of oxygen, take a set of vital signs, suction in the secretion from the mouth and pharynx
B. Suction the mouth and pharynx, apply a non-breather mask with 12 L per minute of oxygen, continue your assessment
C. Suction the mouth and Pharynx, assist ventilation with a bag valve mask using supplemental oxygen, continue assessing the patient
D. Assist ventilations with a bag valve mask using supplemental oxygen, suction the mouth and pharynx, obtain information about the patient’s medical history
Suction in the mouth and the pharynx, apply a non-breather mask with 12 L per minute of oxygen, continue your assessment
A 45-year-old man who is suffering from chest pain. On your arrival the patient is pale and sweaty and seems short breath. The patient is angry with the daughter for calling 911. He says he has some spicy sausage for breakfast and had indigestion. Which of the following is not an appropriate means of getting the patient the care he needs?
A. Tell the patient that his chest pain may be related to a heart problem, and there is a risk that he could die if he does not go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment
B. Try to find out why the patient does not want to go to the hospital
C. Informed the patient that if he does not agree to treatment you will have to take him against his will because he has a potentially life-threatening problem
D. Call the patient’s wife to see if she can persuade the patient to seek medical attention
Tell the patient that he has chest pain maybe related to a heart problem and there is a risk that he could die if he does not go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment
The two major portions of the skull are the A. Frontal bone and ilium B. Atlas and axis C. Manubrium and mandible D. Cranium and face
Cranium and face
Concerning the use of humidified oxygen, which of the following is true
A. It should only be used when assisting ventilation with a bag valve mask device
B. It is not of great benefit during short transports
C. The water reservoir should be changed on a weekly basis
D. The water in the reservoir should be treated with chlorine tablets to prevent the growth of bacteria
It is not a great benefit doing a short transports
In which of the following situations is not legal to share information about treatment you provided to a patient
A. You are ordered to testify in a court of law
B. The patient signs a release of information form
C. The triage nurse at the emergency department ask about the care you provided to the patient
D. The patient’s lawyer request the information over the phone
The patients lawyer requests information over the phone
Which of the following is not required to prove a claim of negligence against an EMT
A. The EMT fails to act according to the standard of care
B. The patient suffers harm as a result of what the EMT did or did not do
C. The patient suffers harm as a result of what the EMT did or did not do
D.The EMT had a duty to act
C. The patient suffers harm as a result of what the EMT did or did not do
The bone on the thumb side of the forearm is the A. Fibula B. Radius C. Acromion D. Ulna
Radius
Which of the following is necessary to deliver Oxygen to patients at a safe pressure A. Flowmeter B. Float ball C. Regulator D. Filter
Regulator
You are ventilating an adult patient with a bag-valve mask when you notice that his abdomen is getting
bigger. You should:
a. apply cricoid pressure.
b. decrease the flow of oxygen.
c. apply pressure to the abdomen.
d. suction the airway.
a. apply cricoid pressure.
- Which of the following colors identifies an oxygen cylinder?
a. Orange
b. Black
c. Blue
d. Green
D. Green
19. Which of the following oxygen cylinders would be the closest to last no longer than 50 minutes flowing at 10 liters per minute? a. M tank b. D tank c. G tank d. E tank
D. E tank
- A nonrebreather mask at 12-15 liters per minute can deliver to the patient what percent of oxygen?
a. 80- 90
b. 16-21
c. 24- 44
d. 90- 100
A. 80–90
- Which of the following describes why fast respiration may decrease minute volume?
a. The lungs may not have the time to fill and exchange gas.
b. The rate causes turbulence in the trachea that increases the friction and decreases the amount of air
movement.
c. It is due to the delay in the movement of the intercostal muscles and the pleural space.
d. The rate does not decrease minute volume; it actually increases.
a. The lungs may not have the time to fill and exchange gas.
- The oxygen flow rate for a nasal cannula should not exceed ________ liters per minute.
a. 8
b. 4
c. 6
d. 2
C. 6
- You are transporting a 44-year-old female with chest pain and sudden respiratory distress. She is
agitated, anxious, and refuses to have a nonrebreather mask applied. Which of the following is the best
option?
a. Use a nasal cannula instead.
b. Have her breathe into a paper bag to control her hyperventilation.
c. Do not make further attempts to administer oxygen as it will only agitate the patient further.
d. Consult with medical control about restraining the patient.
a. Use a nasal cannula instead.
- Which of the following patients does NOT require the administration of supplemental oxygen?
a. A 60-year-old woman with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who can speak
two or three words at a time without a breath
b. A 6-year-old male with a history of asthma whose breath sounds are silent and who is drowsy
c. A 31-year-old male who is unresponsive due to an overdose of narcotics
d. A 24-year-old woman who is breathing 28 times per minute after being in an argument with her husband
d. A 24-year-old woman who is breathing 28 times per minute after being in an argument with her husband
- Why is inhalation described as an active process?
a. It requires the diaphragm to relax and use energy to move, creating a positive pressure.
b. It requires chest muscles to relax and use energy to move, creating a positive pressure.
c. It requires chest muscles to contract and use energy to move, creating a negative pressure.
d. It uses oxygen to assist chest muscles to contract, creating a negative pressure.
c. It requires chest muscles to contract and use energy to move, creating a negative pressure.
10. For life to be maintained, a balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide is needed. The condition when oxygen levels are low is called: a. hypotension. b. hypercarbia. c. hyperventilation. d. hypoxia.
d. hypoxia
- Which of the following is acceptable for maintaining a seal between an oxygen cylinder and regulator?
a. A pop-off valve
b. A flexible gasket
c. A light coating of lubricant
d. Medical grade adhesive tape
b. A flexible gasket
- Concerning the use of humidified oxygen, which of the following is true?
a. It should only be used when assisting ventilations with a bag-valve-mask device.
b. The water in the reservoir should be treated with chlorine tablets to prevent the growth of bacteria.
c. It is not of great benefit during short transports but can make the patient more comfortable.
d. The water reservoir should be changed on a weekly basis.
c. It is not of great benefit during short transports but can make the patient more comfortable.
- What signs and symptoms would indicate inadequate breathing in a patient?
a. Increased effort to breathe, increased depth of respiration, pink dry skin, normal mental status
b. Rapid breathing, pale skin, and a normal mental status
c. Decreased depth of respiration, decreased rate of breathing, hot clammy skin, normal mental status
d. Increased effort to breathe, cyanosis, cool clammy skin, altered mental status
d. Increased effort to breathe, cyanosis, cool clammy skin, altered mental status
- The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood is called:
a. internal respiration.
b. osmosis.
c. cellular respiration.
d. external respiration.
d. external respiration.
- Your patient is a 55-year-old man with a history of chronic bronchitis. You have been called to his home
today because of an increase in his level of respiratory distress. The patient is on 2 liters per minute of
oxygen by nasal cannula at home. Your assessment reveals difficulty speaking due to shortness of
breath, leaning forward to breathe, a productive cough, and a respiratory rate of 32 per minute. Which
of the following is true concerning the best course of action for this patient?
a. Because increased blood levels of carbon dioxide are the primary stimulus to breathe, you should
encourage the patient to rebreathe his exhaled air from a paper bag.
b. You should increase the patient’s oxygen flow rate to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to his tissues.
If his respiratory rate decreases, you can assist him with a bag-valve-mask device.
c. You should increase the patient’s oxygen flow rate until his respiratory rate decreases and then resume
oxygen administration at 2 liters per minute.
d. You should not increase the patient’s oxygen flow rate because of his likely dependence on a hypoxic
drive to stimulate breathing. 5. b. You should increase the patient’s oxygen flow rate to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to his tissues. If
his respiratory rate decreases, you can assist him with a bag-valve-mask device.
b. You should increase the patient’s oxygen flow rate to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to his tissues.
If his respiratory rate decreases, you can assist him with a bag-valve-mask device.
- The safe residual for an oxygen cylinder is ________ psi.
a. 200
b. 300
c. 500
d. 1,000
a. 200
3. What is the percentage of oxygen provided by connecting a high flow of oxygen to the oxygen inlet found on a pocket mask? a. 50 percent b. 21 percent c. 100 percent d. 16 percent
a. 50 percent
- To calculate the minute volume, you need to multiply what two measurements?
a. Tidal volume and respiratory rate
b. Alveolar ventilation and respiratory rate
c. Alveolar ventilation and respiratory rate
d. Tidal volume and dead space air
a. Tidal volume and respiratory rate
- Your patient is a 65-year-old male with a history of COPD. He is sitting up and complaining of a severe
shortness of breath. You should:
a. suction the airway with a rigid suction catheter.
b. administer 4 lpm of oxygen via nasal cannula.
c. insert a nasal airway and ventilate.
d. apply a nonrebreather mask giving 15 lpm of oxygen.
d. apply a nonrebreather mask giving 15 lpm of oxygen.
When examining a conscious trauma patient, you should do all of the following except:
A. Gain the patients trust and confidence
B. Let the patient know if a procedure is going to be painful
C. Explain what you are doing
D. Explain why the patient’s injury may be fatal
D. Explain why the patient’s injury may be fatal
Mr. Hughes is a 49-year old man complaining of chest pain. To find out about the quality of his chest pain, which of the following questions is most appropriate?
A. Are you having pain anywhere besides your chest?
B. On a scale of 1 to 10, which can be the worst, how would you rate your level of pain
C. Does anything make the pain worse
D. Can you describe how the pain in your chest feels
B. On a scale of 1 to 10, which can be the worst, how would you rate your level of pain
A patient who has shallow, slow, irregular gasping breath is said to have \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ respirations A. Cheyne-Stokes B. Central neurologic C. Agonal D. Kussmaul's
C. Agonal
Which of the following is the name of the condition in which fatty deposits form in the inner lining of the arteries A. Atherosclerosis B. Arteriosclerosis C. Aneurysm D. Coronary Artery Disease
D. Coronary Artery Disease
Which of the following is NOT relevant in determining whether or not delivery is imminent for a woman in labor?
A. Determining if the patient feels as if she needs to move her bowels
B. Phoning the patient’s obstetrician for advice
C. Finding out how many pregnancies the patient has had
D. Asking how long ago the contraction began
B. Phoning the patient’s obstetrician for advice
Which of the following is true concerning prehospital delivery of twins?
a There are always two placentas.
b The umbilical cord of the first infant must not be cut until the second infant is born.
c This is a true emergency and cannot be managed outside the hospital setting without additional help.
d The infants will probably be smaller than a single infant and need attention in keeping them warm.
d The infants will probably be smaller than a single infant and need attention in keeping them warm.
Which of the following BEST describes the events that occur during the first stage of labor?
a Rupture of the amniotic sac
b Expulsion of the fetus through the birth canal
c Expulsion of the placenta
d Thinning and dilation of the cervix
d Thinning and dilation of the cervix
The muscular organ in which a baby develops during pregnancy is called the: a fetal membrane. b placenta. c uterus. d amniotic sac.
c uterus
The condition in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall is known as which of the following? a Abruptio placentae b Placenta previa c Ectopic pregnancy d Preeclampsia
a Abruptio placentae
Which of the following is a cause of gynecological emergencies?
a Soft-tissue trauma to the external genitalia
b Sexual assault
c Disorders of the female reproductive organs
d All of the above
d All of the above
Which of the following is true concerning a stillborn baby?
a Infants born in cardiopulmonary arrest should not be resuscitated.
b The parents should never be allowed to see the baby, especially if it has begun to deteriorate.
c The death may occur weeks before delivery.
d Resuscitation must always be attempted.
c The death may occur weeks before delivery.
By definition, a premature infant is one who is born before how many weeks of the pregnancy? 40 37 34 28
37
Which of the following BEST describes placenta previa?
a The placenta prematurely separates from the uterine wall.
b The pregnancy is lost before the 20th week of gestation.
c The umbilical cord is the presenting part.
d The placenta is implanted over the opening of the cervix.
d The placenta is implanted over the opening of the cervix.
What is the temporary organ of pregnancy, which functions to supply the developing fetus with oxygen and nutrients? a Cervix b Uterus c Amnion d Placenta
d Placenta
When clamping the umbilical cord, the clamp closest to the baby should be approximately \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ inch(es) from the infant's body. a 3 b 12 c 1 d 7
D 7
Which of the following is the correct technique to check for crowning in the assessment of a woman in labor?
a Ask the woman to “push” or “bear down” as you inspect the vaginal opening.
b Place your hand on the woman’s abdomen, just above the umbilicus, and check for the firmness of the uterus during contractions.
c Cover her with a sheet, have her remove her underwear, wait for a contraction, and then visualize the vaginal opening.
d None of the above
c Cover her with a sheet, have her remove her underwear, wait for a contraction, and then visualize the vaginal opening.
Which of the following is true concerning trauma in the pregnant woman?
a The mother’s body will preferentially protect the life of the fetus over that of the mother.
b She may lose up to 35 percent of her blood volume before exhibiting signs of shock.
c The increase in blood volume during pregnancy makes shock an unlikely cause of death.
d All of the above
b She may lose up to 35 percent of her blood volume before exhibiting signs of shock.
Which of the following is true of premature infants?
a They are at risk for respiratory difficulty.
b They are more susceptible to infection.
c They can easily develop hypothermia.
d All of the above
d All of the above
Which of the following describes the normal appearance of amniotic fluid? a A fluid containing blood and mucus b Thin fluid, greenish-yellow in color c Clear and colorless fluid d Thick fluid, greenish-black in color
c Clear and colorless fluid
Which of the following may result from a woman in her third trimester of pregnancy lying in a supine position?
a Fetal compromise
b Maternal hypotension
c The mother’s body attempting to compensate for shock
d All of the above
d All of the above
Which of the following is the correct way to time the frequency of contractions in the pregnant woman?
a From the beginning of a contraction to the end of the same contraction
b From the end of one contraction to the beginning of the next
c From the beginning of one contraction to the beginning of the next
d After counting the number of contractions in a 15-minute period, multiply by 4
c From the beginning of one contraction to the beginning of the next
You have assisted in the delivery of a full-term infant by suctioning the mouth and nose as the head was delivered and again following complete delivery. The infant is not yet breathing. Which of the following is the correct sequence of interventions?
a Perform a series of back blows and chest thrusts interposed with mouth-to-mouth ventilation.
b Transport without further intervention.
c Rub the infant’s back, tap the bottom of his foot, begin bag-valve-mask ventilations, and check the pulse.
d Begin bag-valve-mask ventilations, suction the airway with a rigid tonsil tip, and begin CPR.
c Rub the infant’s back, tap the bottom of his foot, begin bag-valve-mask ventilations, and check the pulse.
Normal maternal blood loss during delivery of an infant usually does not exceed how much? a 100 cc b 250 cc c 1,000 cc d 500 cc
d 500 cc
When delivering a baby, you should do all of the following EXCEPT:
a have someone stay at the mother’s head if possible.
b suction the mouth first, then the nose.
c place your fingers in the armpit to assist with delivery of the shoulders.
d position your gloved hands at the vaginal opening
c place your fingers in the armpit to assist with delivery of the shoulders.
While treating a patient of sexual assault, your treatment should follow which of the following sequences?
a Treat immediate life threats, treat psychological needs, and protect criminal evidence.
b Maintain scene safety, treat immediate life threats, and treat only the secondary injuries that may become life threats to protect criminal evidence.
c Maintain scene safety, treat immediate life threats, treat medical and psychological needs, and protect criminal evidence.
d Maintain scene safety, treat immediate life threats, allow the patient to shower if the patient is capable to help treat psychological needs, and transport.
c Maintain scene safety, treat immediate life threats, treat medical and psychological needs, and protect criminal evidence.
When assisting with a delivery in the field, which of the following should be done as the head begins to emerge from the vagina?
a Check for crowning.
b Advise the mother not to push or strain.
c Apply gentle pressure to the head with your gloved hand.
d All of the above
c Apply gentle pressure to the head with your gloved hand.
If the baby’s umbilical cord is noted to be wrapped around his neck after the head is delivered, which of the following should be done?
a Clamp the cord in two places but do not cut it until the baby is delivered.
b Try to slip the cord over the baby’s head and shoulder.
c Transport emergently without further intervention.
d Immediately cut the cord before delivering the baby.
b Try to slip the cord over the baby’s head and shoulder.
An infant's birth weight is considered low if it is less than \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ pounds. a 4.5 b 2.5 c 5.5 d 3.5
c 5.5
Seizures due to complications of pregnancy generally occur during which of the following time periods?
a In the first trimester
b In the second trimester
c Before the mother even knows she is pregnant
d Late in pregnancy
d Late in pregnancy
You are assessing a newborn patient 1 minute after delivery. You notice the patient has blue extremities with a pink trunk, a pulse of 120, and strong crying with good movement of all extremities. What is the newborn's APGAR score? a 7 b 10 c 9 d 8
c 9
Which of the following conditions should be present before the umbilical cord is cut? a The infant is breathing on her own. b The cord is no longer pulsating. c The cord is clamped in two places. d All of the above
d All of the above
Which of the following is indicated in the prehospital management of a prolapsed umbilical cord?
a Immediately clamp the cord in two places and cut it between the clamps.
b Encourage the mother to push forcefully in order to speed delivery.
c Use your gloved hand to push the umbilical cord back up through the cervix.
d Place the mother in a head-down position with pillows under her hips.
d Place the mother in a head-down position with pillows under her hips.
In which of the following situations should the mother be transported immediately?
a The mother experiences a severe, tearing sensation in her abdomen during labor and the outline of the fetus can be felt through the abdominal wall.
b The infant’s arm is the presenting part.
c Delivery is not imminent and there is about 500 cc of painless, bright red bleeding.
d All of the above
d All of the above
By which of the following means does the fetus's blood pick up nourishment from the mother? a Direct circulation b Indirect circulation c Diffusion d Osmosis
c Diffusion
You are assessing a 27-year-old female who is 9 months pregnant with her first child. She has been having contractions for the past 6 hours. As you are about to assist her to your cot, she asks you to wait because she feels the need to use the bathroom first. Which of the following is the BEST course of action?
a Tell the patient she needs to be transported immediately and using the bathroom will have to wait until she arrives at the hospital.
b Advise the patient that this could be a sign of a serious complication, have her lie on her left side, apply high-concentration oxygen, and transport immediately.
c Allow the patient to use the bathroom as it will make transport, and also delivery, more comfortable.
d Advise the patient that this could be an indication that the baby is ready to be born and you need to check to see if the baby’s head is visible.
d Advise the patient that this could be an indication that the baby is ready to be born and you need to check to see if the baby’s head is visible.
You are assessing a patient in labor. Her contractions are 2 minutes apart lasting 30 seconds with increasing pain. The patient states that she feels the urge to push. These signs indicate which stage of delivery? a Third stage b Second stage c Fourth stage d First and second stage
d First and second stage