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MRT > MEDRAD QUIZ 4 MAMMO > Flashcards

MEDRAD QUIZ 4 MAMMO Flashcards

1
Q

What target is best for dense breast tissue and why?

A

Rhodium, because it’s a higher atomic number, so able to penetrate the dense tissue better and provide clear image

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2
Q

SID for mammography?

A

60-80cm

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3
Q

What window glass is used? why?

A

beryllium windowm, because it allows low E photons to pass

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4
Q

Does mammography use high or low atomic number materials?

A

low

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5
Q

High or low kvp with mammography?

A

low kvp

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6
Q

What target material is used in mammography? (other than dense tissue)

A

molybdenum

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7
Q

Beam energy magic number for photon E (best for imaging breast)

A

17-24 kev

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8
Q

Molybdenum k-shell BE

A

20 kev

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9
Q

How often is mammography screening? ages?

A

every 2 years ages 40-74

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10
Q

Breast cancer is the

A

most common cancer amongst women

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11
Q

List breast cancer risk factors

A

age (older), family history, genetics, early mensuration, menopause after 55, no children or having children late, prolonged estrogen use, rad therapy at young age, more dense breast, more education, more socio-economic

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12
Q

Explain digital tomosynthesis

A

tube moves during exam, takes many images at a time, can see different “slices”, only done if needed, blurs out different parts

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13
Q

Pros of digital tomosynthesis

A

decreases movement during exam, increased contrast resolution

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14
Q

Con of digital tomosynthesis

A

Increased patient dose

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15
Q

What kvp do you use in mammography

A

30 kvp

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16
Q

What is the magic number for photon E in mammography good at, regarding the image?

A

Good at showing the difference in tissues

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17
Q

Why do we use a heavy element filter in mammography?

A

Because you just want the narrow range of photon E in the beam, so it absorbs the low E and the high E photons (lets through JUST the ones just below the BE)

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18
Q

What is the filter made of in mammography?

A

Molybdenum

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19
Q

Why do we screen?

A

Since screening, there’s been a huge decrease in deaths from breast cancer

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20
Q

Why do we use low kvp with mammography?

A

breast has no bone / air - there’s fat / tissue which are similar density / Z. Low kvp is for more absorption

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21
Q

Which type of breast are at higher risk for breast cancer?

A

dense breast

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22
Q

Why do we use molybdenum?

A

because with MO you get a large spike at 17-19kev (which works with MO magic number of 17-24)

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23
Q

Why don’t we want photons below 17 and above 24?

A

Because the low E photons (below 17) will get absorbed by the breast (not useful), and high E doesn’t play a role because they don’t highlight details in the breast tissue

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24
Q

What do you use to get rid of the low and high E photons we don’t need?

A

k-edge filter

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25
Q

What is the k-edge filter made of?

A

molybdenum

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26
Q

What is the k-edge # for molybdenum

A

20 (lets through mostly 17-19 photons)

27
Q

What does the k-edge allow?

A

to get rid of photons not needed (ones that are too low so will just get absorbed, and ones too high that won’t provide anything useful for the photo)

28
Q

What resolution is important for mammography?

A

Spatial resolution because of the fine details needed

29
Q

What decreases the anode heel effect in mammography?

A

tube tilt

30
Q

Downside to short SID used?

A

anode heel effect, higher dose, diverging beam

31
Q

Plus side to short SID used?

A

shorter exposure time, sharpness (SR), technique (mAs)

32
Q

What does compression help with?

A

even out breast tissue, OID, CR/SR, measures thickness

33
Q

Weight of compression?

A

20 kg

34
Q

Spike occurs at 17-19, why?

A

k-edge filter

35
Q

Same target and filter produces?

A

char rad

36
Q

Mixed target and filter produces mostly?

A

brems rad

37
Q

Digital tomosynthesis produces what resolution?

A

contrast resolution

38
Q

What factors improve SR in mammography?

A

Small FS, compression, grounded metal tube, AEC location, IR design (direct)

39
Q

AEC is located where for mammography?

A

AFTER IR

40
Q

Grounded metal tube helps with?

A

reducing off focus radiation

41
Q

Digital produces better ______ than film

A

CR

42
Q

Factors influencing CR in mammography?

A

compression, beam energy, grid, tube tilt, tube orientation

43
Q

Why is the tube tilted in mammography?

A

reduces anode-heel effect while maintaining spatial resolution and contrast resolution-improves image quality

44
Q

Angle of tube tilt?

A

20-24 degrees, anode side higher

45
Q

What is at cathode and anode end?

A

chest wall at cathode end, breast tissue at anode end

46
Q

What effect does magnification have on the image in mammography?

A

uses small FS and increased OID. Outer area will have more divergence and middle area will be sharper. Image will have more pixels per area of tissue and more photons per area of tissue, reduce mAs

47
Q

Grid used in mammography?

A

crossed grid - helps reduce / absorb scatter (more line pairs)

48
Q

Beam energy in mammography?

A

low

49
Q

Grid not used during?

A

magnification mode

50
Q

Decreased SOD in magnification mode causes?

A

increased dose

51
Q

What shape focal spot?

A

circular

52
Q

increase or decrease patient dose: compression

A

decrease

53
Q

increase or decrease patient dose: beam energy

A

increase

54
Q

increase or decrease patient dose: grid

A

increase

55
Q

Most of mammography beam is what kind of radiation?

A

char rad

56
Q

Best filter combo in mammo?

A

mo + mo

57
Q

What should the mammo filter, filter out?

A

all but 17-19 photons

58
Q

What size FS?

A

small

59
Q

Small FS helps with?

A

beter SR, see more details

60
Q

Most photons that make it through k-edge filter?

A

17-19kev (they’ll show most detail)

61
Q

The distance between cathode and anode are _______ in mammo

A

closer together (have a shorter distance)

62
Q

AEC will ______ after enough rad exposure

A

shut down

63
Q

Purpose of having AEC after IR in mammo?

A

to get breast closer to IR (decrease OID = better SR)

MRT (12 decks)

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