Medieval World, 1250-1350 ch 10

Question 1

Oceanic Ruler,’ the title adopted by the Mongol chieftain Temujin, founder of a dynasty that conquered much of southern Asia.

Answer 1

Genghis Khan (c. 1167 - 1227)

Question 2

Venetian merchant who traveled through Asia for twenty years and published his observations in a widely read memoir.

Answer 2

Marco Polo (1254 - 1324)

Question 3

is often used to describe the century from 1250 to 1350, a period in many ways analogous to that fostered by the Roman Empire at its greatest extent.

Answer 3

Pax Mongolica (“Mongol Peace”)

Question 4

Maritime city on Italy’s northwestern coast, the Genoese were active in trading ventures along the Silk Road and in the establishment of trading colonies in the Mediterranean. They were also involved in the world of finance and backed the commercial ventures of other powers, especially Spain’s.

Answer 4

Genoa

Question 5

Also known as portolani, these special charts were invented by medieval mariners during the fourteenth century and were used to map locations of ports and sea routes, while also taking note of prevailing winds and other conditions at sea.

Answer 5

Portolan Charts

Question 6

Florentine painter and architect who is often considered a forerunner of the Renaissance.

Answer 6

Giotto (c. 1266 - 1337)

Question 7

Florentine poet and intellectual whose Divine Comedy was a pioneering work in the Italian vernacular and a vehicle for political and religious critique.

Answer 7

Dante Alighieri (c. 1265 - 1321)

Question 8

During his pontificate (1294 - 1303), repeated claims to papal authority were challenged by King Philip IV of France. When this man died in 1309 (at the hands of Philip’s thugs), the French king moved the papal court from Rome to the French city of Avignon, where it remained until 1378.

Answer 8

Boniface VIII

Question 9

King of France from 1285 until his death, His conflict with Pope Boniface VIII led to the transfer of the papal court to Avignon from 1309 to 1378.

Answer 9

Philip IV

Question 10

A city in southeastern France that became the seat of the papacy between 1305 and 1377, a period known as the ‘Babylonian Captivity’ of the Roman Church.

Answer 10

Avignon

Question 11

Refers both to the Jews’ exile in Babylon during the sixth century bce and the period from 1309 to 1378, when papal authority was subjugated to the French crown and the papal court was moved from Rome to the French city of Avignon.

Answer 11

Babylonian Captivity

Question 12

A sacred rite. In the Catholic tradition, the administration of the sacraments is considered necessary for salvation.

Answer 12

Sacrament

Question 13

King of France from 1226 to his death on Crusade in 1270, He was famous for his piety and for his close attention to the administration of law and justice in his realm. He was officially canonized as Saint Louis in 1297

Answer 13

Louis IX

Question 14

King of England from 1272 to his death in 1307, He presided over the creation of new legal and bureaucratic institutions in his realm, violently subjugated the Welsh, and attempted to colonize Scotland. He expelled English Jews from his domain in 1290.

Answer 14

Edward I

Question 15

A series of wars between England and France, fought mostly on French soil and prompted by the territorial and political claims of English monarchs.

Answer 15

Hundred Years’ War (1337 - 1453)

Question 16

A period of terrible hunger and deprivation in Europe that peaked between 1315 and 1317, caused by a cooling of the climate and by the exhaustion of over-farming. It is estimated to have reduced the population of Europe by 10 to 15 percent.

Answer 16

Great Famine

Question 17

The epidemic of bubonic plague that ravaged Europe, Asia, and North Africa in the fourteenth century, killing one third to one half of the population.

Answer 17

Black Death