Medieval Europe (packet two) Flashcards
Habeas corpus
It is an order to bring a jailed person before a judge to find out whether the person should be in jail
Common law
Land that was the same throughout the kingdom. It helped unite England by replacing laws from place to place
Grand jury
It decided if people should be accused of a crime.
Trial jury
To decide whether a person was innocent or guilty
Crusade
Holy war
William the Conqueror
He asked the pope to support his claim to England. He was crowned king of England
Henry ll
He ruled England as well as Wales and Ireland. He was feudal lord in France and Scotland.
Thomas Becket
Archbishop of Canterbury and the highest ranking clergyman
King John
Henry’s son became king in 1199. He increased taxes
Edward l
King of England in the late 1200 increased the authority of his council
Philip ll
He became king of France in 1180. He worked to expand the French monarchy’s wealth
Philip IV
He wanted to raise taxes to pay for his wars. In 1302 he gained approval for his plan from representatives of three estates
Ivan lll
He became ruler of Moscow in 1462. He married Sophia a niece of the Byzantine emperor.
Saladin
In 1174 it was led by a general
What was the significance of the Battle of Hastings in 1066?
William and his army landed in England. They defeated Harold and his soldiers in the battle
How did William the Conqueror stop the revolts in England?
William seized the land of Anglo Saxons nobles and divided it amongs his Norman knights
Why is King John forced to sign the Magna Carta??
He increased taxes and punished his enemies without trial which caused English nobles to rebel.
Why is the Magna Carta important?
It was a document that placed limits on the King’s power
What two limits were placed on the king?
- The king could collect taxes only if a group of nobles called the Great Council agreed.
- The king to uphold the rights of freemen including the rights to fair trials by jury
How did Phillip ll bring more power to monarchy in France?
He ruled feudal lands in Western France. He fought wars against the English and gained some of these territories.
Why was Phillip IV called Phillip the Fair?
He raised taxes
How were the Mongols driven from Russia?
They made great strides toward establishing a huge empire.
Why did the Europeans launch the crusades?
To capture Jerusalem and free the Holy land where Jesus had lived
What were two reason the Crusades were considered successful for the Christians?
They burned Jewish books and ordered Jews to wear clothing. Also it helped Christians Kings to fight to regain much of the Muslim controlled Iberian Pennisula which is Spain and Portugal
What was a negative impact on the crusades?
It weakened feudalism. Nobles sold their lands and freed their selfs.
Kievan Rus
700s Vikings began ruling Slavs. 1240 invaded by Mongols
First crusade
Captured Antioch and Jerusalem
Muslims fought back and recaptured land
Second crusade
Europeans sent more crusades but failed
1174 Muslims leader Saladin gained more land for Muslims.
Declared war against Christians
Third crusade
Frederick (Germany)
Phillip ll of France
Richard or England
-Richard and Saladin agreed to a truce.
Fourth crusade
Pope Innocent lll called for crusaders
Merchants crusaders attacked Constantinople
Burned and looted
1453 Constantinople fell to Ottomans
Impact
Increased trade between Europe and Middle East
Helped break down Feudalism
Kings became more powerful
