Medicine - Renaissance Flashcards
Name 4 ideas on the cause of disease that continued in the renaissance period
Miasma
Religious
Supernatural
4 humours
What was fragcatoro theory (1546)
The idea that seeds in the air caused disease
What was the idea animalcules and how was it able to be discovered ?
The idea that tiny animals were the cause of disease, due to more powerful microscopes
Why was bathing less common in the renaissance period ?
Spread of syphilis in bath houses
How did people prevent miasma in the renaissance period ?
Removed sewage, drained bogs, cleaned
Did Regimin sanitatis continue in the renaissance period ?
Yes
What superstitious belief did people have about their birth ?
If you were a weak child it would lead to later illness
Name a prevention method in the renaissance period
Magical charms (Great Plague), Regimin sanitatis, avoiding areas with disease, not bathing, removing sewage, idea of moderation
What is alchemy ?
“Medical chemistry”
What was used to purge Illness by sweating and sickness ?
Antimony
How many chemicals did the college of physicians suggest ?
Over 122 chemical cures to treat 2149 diseases
What was the idea of transference ?
The idea that an illness could be transferred from a patient to something else (onion on warts)
What herbal remedies did they use ?
Ones which matched the color of the illness (eg. red wine for smallpox)
How did the exploration of the new world effect treatments ?
New spices and herbs were discovered such as quinine
Did bleeding a purging continue in the renaissance period ?
Yes
What was the Kings royal touch ?
The idea that touching the king could cure illness (over 92000 visiting Charles II to cure their scrofula)
What was the “magic” cure for malaria ?
“Cut off hair, feed to birds in an egg and put inside a tree”
How many mistakes did Vesalius find in Galen’s work on anatomy ?
300 (males have the same amount of ribs as females)
How did Vesalius discover his ideas on anatomy ?
By dissecting executed criminals
What was Vesalius’ book and when was it published ?
“The fabric of the human body” in 1543
What was Sydenham’s nickname ?
The English Hippocrates
What did Sydenham encourage ?
That physicians should observe the symptoms of their symptoms patients and not rely on medical books
What was Sydenham’s book called and how long was it used for ?
“Observations medicae”, used for 200 years
What cures did Sydenham introduce ?
Quinine for malaria, iron for anemia
What did Harvey discover ?
How blood circulated through the body
What did people previously think, related to the heart ?
New blood constantly made in liver to replace burned up blood
Veins carried blood and air
Blood travelled through an invisible hole in the septum from one to another side of the heart
Where did Harvey publish his ideas and when ?
“An anatomical account of the motion of the heart and blood” in 1628
How did Harvey discover how blood was pumped around the body ?
By dissecting humans and the hearts of live cold blooded animals
When was the first blood transfusion and who did it ?
1665, Richard Lower
When was the royal society founded
1660
What did the royal society allow physicians to do ?
Study each others work and members were encouraged to challenge existing ideas
What was the royal society’s journal called ?
“Philosophical transactions”
When was the printing press created ?
1440
What did the printing press allow physicians to do ?
Mass publish their own ideas with identical diagrams and text
Did hospitals in the renaissance provide care not cure ?
No they provided care and cure
What could people expect in a Renaissance hospital ?
- a good diet
- a visit from a physician who could observe and suggest treatment
- medication from the hospital apothecary
When was the dissolution of the monasteries?
1436
What were pox houses ?
“Hospitals” which focused on one disease (such as the plague)
When was the Great Plague ?
1665
How many Londoners died from the Great Plague ?
100,000, 1 in 5
What did people think caused miasma during the Great Plague ?
Stinking rubbish in major cities which caused vapor to be present in soil which was released in summer when the weather warmed
What astrology events were thought to be the cause of the Black Death ?
- 1644, alignment of Saturn and Mars
- 1664, mysterious comet
- 1664, alignment of Saturn and Jupiter
What preventative measure did the college of physicians create during the Great Plague ?
- regular prayer and repentance
- quarantine
- carrying pomanders
- fasting regularly
- eating lots of garlic and sage
Where there many physicians during the Great Plague?
No, most left London and often died if they stayed
What did plague doctors wear ?
Hooked bird like masks filled with herbs and cloaks treated with wax
What was “plague water” ?
A apothecary treatment method made of mint, rosemary and sugar
What was encouraged during the Black Death ?
Smoking tobacco
What were quack doctors ?
Doctors who mixed remedies and called them fabulous cures
Name 2 things people did with buboes from the Black Death ?
Transference (chicken)
Lancing them with a feather plucked from a bird blessed by a holy person
Why did people who were infected with the bubonic plague sit by a fire wrapped in cloth ?
To “sweat” the disease out
What happened to the village of Eyam ?
In 1665 when badly infected with the plague the whole village quarantined for over 14 months (did not spread outside of village)
What did the government close/ ban ?
Funerals, fairs, theatres
How did people drive away miasma during the Great Plague ?
Burning barres of tar and herbs in street corners
How many dogs/ cats were killed during the Great Plague ?
200,000 cats and 40,000 dogs
How many days did an infected household have to quarantine for during the Great Plague ?
28/40
