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History-Medicine > Medicine 50AD > Flashcards

Medicine 50AD Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the rough dates for Ancient Rome?

A

50AD-1350

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2
Q

What were the main types of healers during the Roman period?

A

Asclepion Priest

Local Medicine Shop

Family Healer

Hippocratic Doctor

Army Surgeon

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3
Q

What common treatments would an Asclepion Priest offer his patients? (50AD-1350)

A

Night spent at the temple
Offerings to Asclepious
Swimming in baths/sea
Pray to Gods (esp. Asclepious)

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4
Q

What common treatments would a local medicine shop offer its patients? (50AD-1350)

A

Herbal remedies
Medicines using natural materials
Isolation of sick people

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5
Q

What common treatments would a Hippocratic Doctor offer to his patients? (50AD-1350)

A

(many employed by towns to care for poor)
Focus on rebalancing body
E.g: Blood letting
Would stress importance of Regimen
(healthy balanced lifestyle=healthy balanced body)

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6
Q

What common treatments would an Army Surgeon offer his patients? (50AD-1350)

A

Amputations

Drainage of fluids

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7
Q

What common treatments would a family healer offer their patients? (50AD-1350)

A

Family remedies that had been passed down gen.s
Charms
Isolation of sick patients

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8
Q

What were the common causes of disease 50AD-1350?

A

Retribution from Gods
Evil spirits
Imbalance of four humours in body

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9
Q

What was Hippocrates’ theory about the body?

A

Theory of the four humours

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10
Q

Explain the Theory of the Four Humours

A 
Four humours in body:
Blood
Phlegm 
Black bile
Yellow bile

–> imbalance in these resulted in disease

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11
Q

Why was the Theory of the Four Humours so important?

A

First scientific theory as to the cause of disease

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12
Q

What is Regimen?

A

Linked w/ 4 humours
Hippocrates believed that a healthy/balanced lifestyle resulted in having a healthy/balanced body(humours)

Included:
Daily exercise
Seasonal based meals
Hygiene

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13
Q

What is the Hippocratic Corpus?

A

Books written by Hippocrates’ followers (Drs) detailing illnesses, their symptoms and their causes

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14
Q

What was the Hippocratic Corpus useful for?

A

Accurate diagnoses&prognoses of diseases
Treating diseases
Training Hippocratic Doctors

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15
Q

Why was Hippocrates controversial?

A

His rejection of supernatural theories for causes of disease

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16
Q

What did Hippocrates stress in his work?

A

Clinical observation over treatment

Writing down symptoms of/progression of a disease to understand it
OVER
Treating as well as possible

17
Q

Define public health

A

Govt/Monarch action to maintain health of a population

18
Q

Who was Galen?

A

Surgeon/physician/showman
-started w. gladiators–> gave him understanding of anatomy (not allowed dissections)
Performed travelling public dissections on pigs
Developed Theory of Opposites
Wrote 100s of books
Supported by Church->ideas accepted
MADE MANY MISTAKES

19
Q

Why did Galen do his dissections on animals?

A

Human dissection was banned

–>body=sacred-needed for afterlife

20
Q

Why did Galen’s work include many mistakes?

What are some of these mistakes?

A

He only ever dissected animals
–>Assumed human anatomy was exactly the same
Refused to admit that there were gaps in his knowledge–>filled w. made up

Heart consumed blood
Place in body for soul

21
Q

What did Galen prove?

A

That the brain controls the body-not heart

22
Q

Why were Galen’s ideas accepted for ~1500 years?

A

Church endorsed him
-he believed that soul had a place in the body
Church in charge of all universities/Dr. trainingGoing against Galen=Going against Church=Hell
(people at time were legitimately scared of Hell)

23
Q

Define public health

A

Measures the govt. take to maintain the health of a population

24
Q

What was the quality of the public health of the Romans?

A

High

25
Q

Why did the govt. 50AD-1350 emphasise public health so heavily?

A

Strong ph=Strong army

Roman empire relied on Army for control

26
Q

What methods of PH did the govt. use 50AD-1350?

A 
Bath houses 
 (cheap admission-for everyone)
Public latrines 
 (could fit up to 20 people at once)
Aqueducts transporting water into towns
Planned building carefully
 (not on swampy marshes)
Encouraged Regimen 
 (Exercise and healthy diet)
Sewage removed from cities-->pipe systems
Refuse collection
Burial outside of city walls
Water access for everyone 
 (poor=wells
  rich=into homes)
Hospitals for soldiers
27
Q

What was the order of events in a bath house 50AD-1350?

A 
Undress
Slaves pluck out body hair
Massaged w/ oil-scraped off w. strig
 (takes off dirt+sweat)
Steam room
Large swimming pool
Ice-cold plunge pool
Warm room (relax,socialise,dress)
28
Q

What role did public bath houses take in society 50AD-1350?

A 
V important
-available for everyone (most=once a week)
Place of cleaning
Exercise
SOCIALISING
-business meetings,philosophers etc.
29
Q

What was the theory behind treatment of disease 50AD-1350?

A

Theory of Opposites

30
Q

Explain the Theory of Opposites

A

Created by Galen
Disease=imbalance of humours
–>treat disease by rebalancing humours (adding or taking away)

31
Q

What were methods of rebalancing humours as part of treatment of disease 50AD-1350?

A 
Blood letting
Laxatives
Hot baths
Chillis
Cold baths
Cucumbers
32
Q

What was the training of Hippocratic Drs?

A

NOT COMPULSORY
v few trained in Alexandria
-Acting as apprentices for experienced Drs.
-Reading Hippocratic Corpus + work of Galen
-Took Hippocratic Oath

33
Q

Name the method of prevention of disease used by the Romans

Explain the link they made between this and preventing disease

A

REGIMEN

  • Regular exercise
  • Seasonal balanced diet

Balance in humours=health
–>so live life in a balanced, controlled manner

34
Q

Describe Roman hospitals

A

In forts–>ARMY ONLY
4 beds a ward
kitchen,bed, dispensary (making remedies)
Surgeons and assisstants

History-Medicine (5 decks)

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