1900-PRESENT Flashcards
Who developed the first magic bullet?
Behring
Erlich
Hata
When was the first magic bullet produced?
1909
What was the first magic bullet called?
Salvarsan 606
Describe Behring’s work on the development of Salvarsan 606
Isolated antitoxins used by body to fight diptheria
–>found a way to inject them to fight the disease
What are the factors contributing to Behring’s work?
Explain
Communication
-read about Koch’s work isolating specific disease causing microbes
Science and Technology
-new discoveries had improved medical understanding
Individual genius
Define magic bullets
Chemical drugs which kill only the disease, without affecting the person
Describe Erlich’s work on the first magic bullet
Tried to find a cure for syphilis
-Combining dyes and chems to kill only disease causing microbe
What factors lead to Erlich’s work?
Govt -funded his research team Science and technology -had improved medical understanding-made his work possible Communication -reading work of Koch and Pasteur
What work did Dr Hata do towards developing Salvarsan 606?
Joined research team
reviewed past experiments
–>Found they had discarded an effective compound (606th)
=MADE TO MAKE SALVARSAN 606
What factors lead to Hata’s discovery?
Earlier work of Erlich’s team
- ->Science and technology
- ->Communication
- ->Govt
What is the name of the second magic bullet?
Prontosil
When was prontosil developed?
1932
What is prontosil a treatment for?
Blood posioning
Who developed prontosil?
Domagk
How was prontosil tested?
Domagk’s daughter was dying of BP
–>had to take chance
=WORKED
What is the key ingredient of prontosil?
What is the significance of this?
Sulphohamide
USed in the development of further drugs
What factors lead to the development of the second magic bullet?
FIRST MAGIC BULLET Science and technology Chance Individual genius (taking risk) Communication
What was the impact of the developments of the first magic bullets?
FIRST CHEM DRUGS
Mass production of treatment of disease possible for first time
Pharmaceutical industry grew rapidly
Effective treatment for previously fatal diseases
Describe the events of Fleming discovering penicillin in 1928
Went on holiday w dirty lab
Came back: spore of mould from open window had landed on petri dish–>killed staphylococci bacteria
Used penicillin mould to treat colleague’s eye infection
–>effective but took too long to grow
Wrote journal: left research 1929
When did Fleming discover penicillin?
1928
What factors lead to Fleming’s discovery of penicllin in 1928?
Chance
-mould landing on dirty dishes
Individual genius
-recognised potential of mould
Govt-HELD BACK
-wouldn’t fund research due to war
Describe the events of Florey and Chain working to mass produce penicillin
1930s: read Fleming’s journal
£25 from B govt–>USA funded for 5 years
Tested penicillin on mice (needed 3000x more for human)
–>worked
FUNDED THEMSELVES
1941: enough to treat patient
–>police officer Albert Alexander
Was getting bteer but died when they ran out
1941: USA gov gave loans to companies to produce $80 mill
- ->Britain joined in
D-DAY 1944: 2.3 million doses used ]
After war:
USed as cure all for everyone