50AD-1350

Question 1

What were the main causes of disease in the middle ages?

Answer 1

Inbalance in the 4 humours that make up the body

Punishment from God for sin/Inflicted by devil

Miasma (bad air)

Certain alignments of the planets

Animals

(Jews poisoning water)

(outrageous fashions)

Question 2

What were the common healers in medieval Britain?

What did they do?

Answer 2

Barber surgeon

• amputations
• blood letting

Catholic Priest

• pray
• rest
• herbal remedies
• basic care

Trained Physician 
(uni-->passed exams)
-theory of opposites
-observation
-using leeches

Wise Woman in family

• herbal remedies passed down family
• pray
• charms/spells
• use of leeches

Apothecary
-potions

Blood Letter

• blood letting
• using leeches

Question 3

Why were Galen’s ideas surrounding anatomy and treatment common in the middle ages?

Answer 3

Perpetuated by the church due to belief about physical placement of the soul
–>speaking out against Galen=going against God

Question 4

Describe public health in London in 1200

Answer 4

Open sewers running into the river
Wells and cesspools built close together 
Homeowners next to stream built latrines
Others threw waste into the street
Gutters running along streets
Few public latrines
Stewes (unmaintained bath houses)
Fines for littering
Rakers employed to remove waste

Question 5

How many common privies were there in London by 1380?

Answer 5

13

Question 6

How can beliefs about anatomy and treatment be described from the Romans to the Middle Ages?

Answer 6

Continuinty

Question 7

How can PH from 50AD to 1350 be described?

Answer 7

Regressed change

Question 8

When was the bubonic plague outbreak?

Answer 8

1348

Question 9

What is the colloquial term for the bubonic plague?

Answer 9

Black Death

Question 10

What percentage of the population died form the bubonic plague?

Answer 10

50%

Question 11

What were treatments for the black death?

Answer 11

Prayer
Blood letting
Herbal remedies
Strapping toads, pigeons and chickens to buboes

Question 12

What were the symptoms of the bubonic plague?

Answer 12

Buboes (swellings filled w black pus)
fever
Sickness
Spasms
Bleeding under the skin-->bruising

Question 13

What were common forms of prevention for the black death?

Answer 13

Carrying charms
Isolation of the sick
Prayer
Burying the dead
FLAGELLATION
Burning barrels of tar
Smelling horrendous smells

Question 14

Name an infectious disease in the middle ages that was not the plagues

Answer 14

leprosy

Question 15

Describe the sympoms of leprosy

Answer 15

Caused wound formation and organ withering

Question 16

How long did it usually take a sufferer of leprosy to die from it?

Answer 16

6-10 years

Question 17

What was the general public reaction to leprosy in the middle ages?

Answer 17

FEAR

Question 18

How is leprosy spread?

What groups of people was it most common amongst? why?

Answer 18

Close touch of long duration or touching clothes

Poor people/in overcrowded living conditions
–>Spread by touch

Question 19

How was the spread of leprosy prevented from 50Ad-1350?

Answer 19

Lepers isolated
-kept in:
hospitals/monasteries
leper colonies
lazar houses

• forbidden to enter assemblies of people
• forbidden to wash in water courses
• no cotact with children
• no contact w possessions of others
• had to touch everything with a staff

Question 20

How effective was medieval prevention of the spread of leprosy?

Answer 20

Very effective

–>end of 1350: diminished essentially all over Europe

Question 21

When was Oxford University founded?

Answer 21

1167

Question 22

How many trained physicians were there in England around this time?

Answer 22

100

Question 23

Describe the training of trained physicians in 1300

Answer 23

UNIVERSITY

• 7 years
• v expensive
• read Galen’s books
• attended lectures
• ->expected to accept and memorise

Question 24

Describe hospitals in the middle ages

Answer 24

Run by church
Wouldn’t accept those w infectious diseases
Food,rest,prayer
–>CARE NO TREATMENT