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History-Medicine > 1350-1750 > Flashcards

1350-1750 Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe PH at the end of the Renaissance period

A 
Streets sloped to central drain
-cobbled or paved
Homes burnt coal
Rakers
Households told to sweep outside their house everyday
Water from conduits, barrels and water carriers
Wells dug but close to cesspits
Rich=water from reservoir
Stagnant water
Some public toilets
Accepted to go in street corners
Night Soil Men 
-many couldn't afford
Waste dropped in streets
Rubbish left in open spaces
-(despite rakers and regular collections)
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2
Q

How did PH in 1700 compare to that of 1300?

A

Continuity with small improvements

  • installation of cobbled and paved streets
  • installation of central drain
  • primitave water system built incities for rich
  • stagnant water still
  • more public toilets
  • introduction of night soil men for some
  • encouraged to get rid of rubbish
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3
Q

Date the Great Plague

A

1665

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4
Q

How many died in the Great Plague?

A

100000
(1/5)

Focused- mainly in London (spread as wealthy fled)

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5
Q

How well was the Great Plague responded to in terms of increased ph measures?

A

well

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6
Q

Give the scientific name for the great plague

How was this different to the black death?

A

Pheunomic plague

Coughs and sneezes instead of buboes

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7
Q

State the extra PH measures the Lord Mayor of London put in place in response to the Great Plague

A

Plague searchers found victims
Quarantined by blocking off houses (x-lord have mercy on us)
–>Food delivery daily-only open at night
Watchman monitored houses

Buried dead (6 feet)
No funerals

Streets cleaned daily
Killed dogs, hogs, cats

Burning barrels of tar
Shooting guns into air

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8
Q

Describe methods of treatment in the Renaissance

A 
CONTINUITY FROM MA
Blood letting
Purging
Herbal remedies
Prayer

NEW:
King’s touch
(only wealthy-linked to divine right of kings)

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9
Q

What were accepted causes of disease 1350-1750?

A

CONTINUITY FROM MA
4 humours
God
Evil spirits

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10
Q

What changed in the Renaissance period despite continuation in cause and treatment of disease?

A

GALEN’S IDEAS FINALLY CHALLENGED

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11
Q

Why were Galen’s ideas finally challenged in the Renaissance period?

A

Reformation 1500

  • Church lost influence
  • ->finally free to challenge word of the church
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12
Q

When was the Royal Society formed?

A

1660

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13
Q

How was the formation of the Royal Society progress?

A

Allowed collaboration

  • experimenting
  • sharing ideas
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14
Q

When was the printing press invented?

A

1450

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15
Q

How did the invention of the printing press lead to progress?

A

Books were produced and shared quickly

–>knowledge and reesearch spread

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16
Q

Who did Vesalius dissect?

Why was this allowed?

A

Bodies of criminals

Didn’t need body–>going to Hell

17
Q

Describe the work of Vesalius

A

Corrrected Galen’s mistakes through human dissection
-EG lower jabone in 1 part, no holes in septem

Public dissections to generate public interest

Wrote the ‘Fabric of the Human Body’ with drawings by Titian-1543

18
Q

When did Vesalius write The Fabric of the Human Body?

A

1543

19
Q

What was the impact of Vesalius’ work?

A

Church influence of training declined

Anatomy mistakes rectified

Basis of biology textbooks for hundreds of years

Depper understanding of anatomy BUT NOT DISEASE

20
Q

What were accepted ideas about the blood before Harvey?

A

Blood constantly made in liver
Heart consumed blood
Veins carried blood and air through the body
Blood passed from one side of heart to another through visible holes in the septum

21
Q

What was the work of Harvey?

A

Proved Galen wrong:
Heart=pump
No holes in septum

Proved body had a one way system for blood
Veins carried only blood

Calculated amount of blood going into arteries=3x weight of a man
–>same blood pumped around

Published ‘AN ANATOMICAL ACCOUNT OF THE MOTION OF THE HEART AND BLOOD’ 1628

22
Q

When did Harvey release his book ‘An Anatomical Account of the Motion of the Heart and Blood’?

A

1628

23
Q

How did Harvey prove Galen wrong?

A

Dissected live cold blooded animals to track movement of muscles in heart

Witnessed beating heart of Lord’s son through broken ribcage

Dissected human boies
-understand structure of heart

Tried to pump water through values but failed=one way system

24
Q

What were the factors contributing to Harvey’s work?

A 
Individual Genius
-thorough, repeated experiments 
-good education
Science and Technology
-used modern methods
-inspired by new water pump
-printing press allowed publication
Communication
-read work of others
-->studied European ideas
Nature of the Renaissance
-free to open old ideas
25
Q

What was the impact of Harvey’s work?

A

Discovery laid groundwork for future investigation of physiology

Understanding natue of blood is crucial to many aspects of medicine (eg surgery)

Indicated importance of dissection and experiments

Destroyed basis for blood letting

26
Q

When was the first microscope developed?

A

1590

27
Q

When were ‘animacules’ first viewed under a microscope?

A

1673

28
Q

What was the impact of the microscope being invented?

A

Allowed detailed research

29
Q

Why was medical treatment held back during the Renaissance?

A

The church controlled education and medical training
Galens work used as basis for education
The church discouraged dissection
Most minor illnesses/injuries were treated by women within the family
Many felt better after purging/blood letting
Most couldnt afford to go to a trained physician
Some herbal remedies worked
People were reluctant to change what they believed
May believed in the supernatural

30
Q

What progressed medical treatment in the Renaissance?

A

Microscope invented-animacules identified
Printing press invented
Universities and medical schools founded
Harvey proved the body was like a machine
Vesalius mapped out the anatomy of the body

31
Q

Who were the main healers in the Renaissance?

A

Wise woman
-cared for family (passed down-herbal remedies)

Wealthy women
-provided care for local families

Trained physician
-trained at uni-passed exams

Apothecary
-mixes remedies for physician-no qualifications but trained

Quack
-no training

32
Q

Describe the training of a trained physician in 1500

A 
Practical training in hosps
Dissection 
-lack of body
Emphasise on experimenting to test treatment 
(Edinburgh uni-Harvey school)

WOMEN NOT ALLOWED

33
Q

What were hospitals in the Renaissance like?

A 
Many closed after reformation
-->town council or charity
Many didn't accept those w infectious diseases
Kept clean, food, kept warm
Simple surgeries
Pray for recovery
Sick: bled and given herbs

History-Medicine (5 decks)

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