Medicine 1: Disease

Question 1

Ideas in 1850

Answer 1

• Miasma
• Spontaneous Generation
• 4 humours (blood,yellow bile, black bile, phlegm)

Question 2

Germ Theory

Answer 2

• 1861 Louis Pasteur
• Employed to find a way to prevent milk spoiling
• Discovered micro-organisms and that they could be killed by heating
• Had little short term effect by 1878
• Disproved spontaneous generation

Question 3

Effects of Pasteur

Answer 3

• Limited short term impact
• Surgery - 20 years later led to Joseph Listers development of antiseptic technique
• Public Health - 30 years later vaccines could be made and treatment created due to Germ theory in 40 years

Question 4

Robert Koch

Answer 4

• Born Germany 1843
• Doctor who read Pasteurs work
• Rivalry between Pasteur and Koch during Franco-Prussian war (1870-1871)

Question 5

Pasteur and vaccinations

Answer 5

• 1879 Chicken Cholera vaccine - confirmed Jennas theory
• 1881 Anthrax vaccine
• 1882 Rabies Vaccine - treated a 9 year old boy

Question 5

Koch and Anthrax

Answer 5

• 1872 discovered a method of staining microbes
• 1876 able to identify specific microbe for Anthrax and published findings

Question 6

Koch and Bacteriology

Answer 6

Koch is “Father of bacteriology” as he found methods of staining Microbes
* 1878 Septiceamia
* 1880 growing cultures - Agar jelly
* 1882 TB

Question 7

Sylvarson 606

Answer 7

• 1909, discovered by Paul Ehrlich team
• Treated Syphillis

Question 8

Marie Curie

Answer 8

1. 1910 - led team on use of radiation for use against cancer
2. 1911 Nobel Prize, means of measuring radioactivity
3. Outfitted and drove mobile X-ray machines

Question 9

Prontosil

Answer 9

• Discovered by Gerhard Domagk
• Tested on humans 1935 (on Domagks daughter near death)
• Gained renown when used to treat FDRs son

Question 10

Penicillin Discovery

Answer 10

• 1928 Alexander Flemming
• Accidental discovery
• First Antibiotic (biological killer of bacteria)
• Flemming did very little with this

Question 11

Florey and Chain

Answer 11

• Formed research team 1939
• 1941 tested on humans sucessfully, on a policeman near death
• Florey and Chain recieved huge amounts of American Goverment Funding

Question 12

Mass Production of Penicillin

Answer 12

1. 1942, US government invest largely in Penicillin
2. 1944, Penicillin used on mass on D-Day
3. 1945, US army uses 2 million doses a month