Germany Topic 4: Life Under the Nazis - Raees

Question 1

Control

SS, SA, Gestapo

Answer 1

• Goerring made Gestapo 1933. 300k members by 1942
• Gestapo could search houses + arrest without reason
• Rohm led SA (2mil members) - wanted to replace army
• 400k SS in 1934 but 240k 1939 censorship

Question 2

Political Control

1933 Elections

Answer 2

• 5th March 1933
• 50k SA threatened
• 70 Deaths
• Hitler got 44%

Question 3

Political Control

Enabling Act

Answer 3

• 23 March 1933
• To get majority, communists banned + promised to protect church for Centre Party
• 444-94
• Renewed 1937
• Could pass laws without Reichstag
• Started Gleichschaltung
• Met 12 more times until 1945

Question 4

Political Control

Reichstag Fire

Answer 4

• 27th Feb 1933
• Marinus Van Der Lubbe arrested + guillotine
• 4k communists arrested
• communists lost 19 seats
• Passed Decree for Protection of People and State after

Question 5

Political Control

Decree for protection of people and state

Answer 5

• The police could ban meetings, search houses and imprison without trial
• The death penalty could be used for certain crimes
• Concentration camps like Dachau were set up

Question 6

Political Control

Night of Long Knives

Answer 6

• 29th June 1934
• 90 SA leaders killed by SS
• Rohm suspected of being gay - H = bad rep.
• SS increased in power, SA decreased

Question 7

Control

Economic Policies

Answer 7

• 4 year plan - aimed to make Germany self sufficient
• New plan - increase exports decrease imports
• 1939 still imported 1/3 of stuff
• 1bil Marks spend on public schemes

Question 8

Control

Propaganda

Answer 8

• Goebbles head - “Evil genius of the 2nd half of Hitlers carreer”
• Films - Goebbles controlled e.g. Eternal jew
• 70% Germans owned a radio by 1939
• Olympics 1936 - 100k people stadium + SS. Jessee Owens won 4 golds

Question 9

Control

Censorship

Answer 9

• MOP ordered what newspapers would write about daily
• Jazz banned
• Degenerate art attracted 5x more people
• Books burning - Einstein + Karl Marx
• Law on Malicious Gossip - jokes = illegal

Question 10

Youth

Opposition

Answer 10

• Edelweiss Pirates

Question 11

Youth

Education

Answer 11

• Geography = lebensraum
• Focus on health for strong Volksgemeinschaft
• 1933 textbooks rewritten to enforce Nazi beliefs
• 50% decrease in higher education students

Question 12

Youth

Nazi Youth Movements (boys + girls)

Answer 12

• 1936 all eligible must be in a programme
• 8 Million members by 1939

Question 13

Youth

Hitler Youth (boys)

Answer 13

• 11 Hitler youth schools
• Hitler Jugend made 1925 - 55k members by 1933
• Hitler Jugend group made for people aged 14-18
• Learned leadership skills for military in NAPOLAs (age 10-18, 39 by 1939)

Question 14

Youth

Hitler youth (girls)

Answer 14

• Learned domestic science
• 10-14 year olds = Young Maidens
• 19-21 year olds = Faith and Beauty

Question 15

Youth

Education (teachers)

Answer 15

• Law for Restoration of a Professional Civil Service = 10% uni teachers sacked for racial reasons
• 1933 Sign declaration of support for Hitler and join Nazi Lecturers Association

Question 16

Women

Kinder, Kuche, Kirche

Answer 16

• Focus on staying at home and having children
• Medals given for having children - 8 = gold + medal from Hitler
• Contraception + abortion banned
• Divorce easier
• 1939 - 3.5mil attended

Question 17

Women

Economy

Answer 17

• Marriage loans if they gave up their jobs
• Men given preference in jobs
• 110k children born in Lebensborn programme by 1944

Question 18

Church

Catholic

Answer 18

• 1/3 of christians were catholic (22mil)
• 1933 concordat signed - church not involved in politics
• Symbols taken down in schools
• 1937 - Pope Pius XI - “With burning concern”
• 1941 Catholic press closed

Question 19

Church

Protestant

Answer 19

• 2/3 of christians (40mil)
• Combined protestant with Nazi symbols
• 1933 all parts of protestant church = Reich church
• German christians = “SA of church”
• Bonhoeffer = head of confessional church - 5k members + rivalled Reich church. Sent to concentration camps

Question 20

Minorities

Kristalnacht

Answer 20

• 9-10 November 1938
• 800 shops destroyed
• 191 synagogues destroyed
• 91 killed + 30 arrested

Question 21

Minorities

Nuremberg Laws

Answer 21

• Sept 1935
• Can’t marry Germans
• Aren’t German - no passport / vote

Question 22

Minorities

Jews (general)

Answer 22

• 1933 National boycott on Jewish businesses
• 1935 Jews banned from public places

Question 23

Minorities

Mentally ill

Answer 23

• “burden on the community”
• 1933 Sterilisation law meant 700k were sterilised
• 1939 euthanasia - by 1944 200k killed

Question 24

Unemployment

Invisible unemployment

Answer 24

• Nazis manipulated figures to make it seem employment reduced
• Women were not included
• Jews not included
• National Labour Service organised work for unemployed men and they were no longer counted as unemployed