Germany Topic 3: Rise of the Nazi Party - Raees

Question 1

German Workers’ Party

Answer 1

• Hitler joined 1919 as 55th member
• Hitler was head of propaganda
• 1921 became leader
• Published 25 points - nationalism, racism + some socialism
• End of 1920 had 1,100 members + bought “People’s Observer”

Question 2

Hitler’s Changes to the German Worker’s Party

Answer 2

• In 1920 he made 30 speeches to audiences of up to 2,000
• Changed to NSDAP 1920
• Introduced swastika + arm salute
• Stosstrupp as personal troops
• Rohm controlled SA and were Freikorps + ex-soldiers.

Question 3

Munich Putsch Causes

Answer 3

• Dolchstoss
• Bavaria + Kahr extremely right wing
• 20k supportes and SA
• Ludendorff could persuade army to support

Question 4

Munich Putsch

Answer 4

8th nov 1923:
* Stormed Lossow + Kahrs meeding of 2k right wingers
* Lossow + Kahr announce support
9th nov 1923:
* Ebert declares national emergency + Lossow + Kahr denounce putsch
* 14 Nazis killed, L arrested, H dislocated shoulder + arrested 2 days later

Question 5

Trial

Answer 5

• Feb 1924
• H used as popularity
• Gained votes in election
• Ludendorff aquitted
• Sentenced to 5 years in Landsberg - served 9 months
• Wrote “Mein Kampf”
• “Hold our noses and enter the Reichstag”

Question 6

Re-org of Nazi party

Answer 6

• Nazi Party relaunched in 1925
• New HQ in Munich
• New divisions for different sections in Germany (35 sections
• SA restructured, SS established
• 1926 Bamberg conference gave H supreme power in the party
• 1926 first rally in Weimar
• Goebells increased propaganda
• Trained 6,000 speakers by 1933

Question 7

Support 1923-29

Answer 7

• 1924 had 32 seats
• 1928 had 12 seats due to Stresseman
• 1928 had 18% of vote in farming areas
• 100k members by 1929

Question 8

Wall Street Crash

Answer 8

• October 1929 share prices in NY fell rapidly
• Between 1929 and 1932 industry in America reduced 45%
• Black Thursday

Question 9

Great Depression effect on Germany

Answer 9

• Impact on Banking - American loans stopped which led to a financial crisis (3 months to pay)
• Impact on industry - Americans no longer purchased German goods
• 1932 industry was 58% of 1928
• Impact on unemployment - 1929 - 1.5 million unemployed, 1933 - 6 million unemployed

Question 10

Bruning as Chancellor

Answer 10

• Bruning had to use Article 48 to pass measures
• Tried to ban the SA/SS and gained more enemies in the right
• Known as the “Hunger Chancellor”
• Sacked in May 1932 due to lack of support

Question 11

Role of SA

Answer 11

• In 1930, the SA had 400,000 members
• At rallies they used lights and symbols of power to reinforce the idea the Nazis could bring a better future
• They disrupted the meetings of political opponents
• In the 1930 and 1932 elections they used violence to threaten the opposition and threatened voters

Question 12

Appeal of Hitler

Answer 12

• ‘Make Germany Strong’ and ‘Smash the chains of Versailles’
• Wealthy business owners like Krupp’s and Siemens gave money to the Nazis
• In 1932, Hitler stood for president under slogans like ‘Freedom and Bread’ and Goebbels waged a furious campaign of propaganda

Question 13

1932 elections

Answer 13

• Hindenburg re-elected as president
• Nazis got 37% of vote- largest
• Bruning was appointed as chancellor
• He ruled using article 48 - “hunger chancellor”

Question 14

Cabinet of Barons

Answer 14

• Replaced Bruning temporarily
• Hitler argued he should be chancellor as Nazis were the biggest party
• Hindenburg refused
• Reichstag had a vote of no confidence in it- passed 512-42
• Von Schleicher replaced it

Question 15

Von Schleicher as Chancellor

Answer 15

• Wanted to work with Reichstag
• Asked Hindenburg to make him head of a military dictatorship
• Reichstag lost confidence in him

Question 16

Hitler Becomes chancellor

Answer 16

• Desperate to take power
• Believed he could control Hitler- him vice chancellor and Hitler chancellor
• Hindenburg reluctantly agreed
• 30th Jan 1933 Hitler chancellor