Medications VA2 Core Flashcards
Acepromazine injectable is what kind of medication?
Sedative, tranquilzer
Does acepromazine injection provide pain control?
No
Are there any side effects for acepromazine injectable?
Yes, hypotension, hypothermia, excess sedation, possible paradoxical excitement
How can acepromazine injectable be administered?
IV, IM, SQ
What is activated charcoal used for?
It is an adsorpative - an ingested toxin will preferentially bind to the charcoal rather than being adsorbed through the intestinal lining
When should activated charcoal NOT be administered?
In toxins that are not bound by activated charcoal and in patients who are already symptomatic
Why do we not administer activated charcoal to symptomatic patients?
The toxin is most likely already in systemic circulation and there is an increased risk of aspiration
What is sorbitol and what is its purpose in activated charcoal?
Sorbitol is an artificial sweetener that is also a cathartic (speeds up intestinal transit/encourages bowel movement). Added to activated charcoal to encourage elimination of the toxin rapidly.
How is activated charcoal administered?
Orally. May be given with a SMALL amount of food if patient will eat it readily.
What are some risks of activated charcoal?
Aspiration, electrolyte abnormalities
What kind of medication is ampicillin injectable?
An antibiotic
How can ampicillin injectable be administered?
IV or IM (the IM dose is at a different concentration than the IV dose)
Is ampicillin injectable likely to cause the same side effects as ampicillin oral?
No. There are less GI side effects with injectable.
What is the brand name of ampicillin sulbactam injectable?
Unasyn
Is ampicillin sulbactam injection the same as ampicillin injection?
No, the addition of sulbactam helps to prevent growth of bacteria
How can Unasyn injection be administered?
IV or SQ
What are the brand names for capromorelin?
Entyce, Elura (same medication, different concentration)
What are side effects for capromorelin?
Vomiting, blood glucose abnormalities, in cats higher risk of transient hypotension
What is the brand name for carprofen injection?
Rimadyl
What are possible side effects of carprofen injection?
GI side effects, kidney or liver damage
How should carprofen injectable be administered?
SQ
What kind of medication is cefazolin injectable?
An antibiotic
How is cefazolin injectable administered?
IM, SC, IV
What is the brand name of cefovecin injectable?
Convenia
How is convenia injectable administered?
SQ
Are there side effects to cefovecin injection?
Lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, local injection site reactions
What is barium?
A radiographic contrast agent
How is barium administered?
Orally
When might barium be used?
For radiographic GI contrast studies
Are there any side effects to barium?
Potential vomiting, nausea, potential to aspirate. If barium is spilled into abdominal cavity (through perforation or surgery) can cause severe inflammatory reaction
How is dextrose 50% solution administered?
IV or orally, must be diluted to administer IV
You would like to make a liter of 2.5% dextrose solution and you have 50% dextrose on hand, how many mL of dextrose will you add to your bag?
Remove 50mL of fluid from the liter before adding 50mL of 50% dextrose.
You would like to make a liter of 5% dextrose solution and you have 50% dextrose on hand, how many mL of dextrose will you add to your bag?
Remove 100mL of fluid from the liter before adding 100mL of 50% dextrose.
When might a patient benefit from receiving dextrose?
When they have a low blood glucose concentration
How is diphenhydramine injection administered?
IM
What kind of medication is diphenhydramine injection?
Antihistamine
What kind of medication is carprofen injectable?
NSAID
What kind of medication is doxycycline oral?
An antibiotic
What are some possible side effects of doxycycline oral?
Inappetence, nausea, vomiting, GI ulceration (especially in cats - should always follow with syringe of water), diarrhea
Does doxycycline oral come in more than one formulation?
Yes, there are a variety of sizes of capsules, tablets, and liquids
What is the brand name for enrofloxacin injectable?
Baytril injectable
How is enrofloxacin injection administered
Preferably IM, but may also go IV
What are some possible side effects of enrofloxacin injection?
Vomiting, diarrhea, inappetence (less common with injection than oral). Possibly neurologic side effects like tremors or seizures with larger doses or when administered rapidly IV
Is there more than one concentration of enrofloxacin injection?
YES! BE CAREFUL! There are small animal and large animal formulations, DO NOT administer the large animal enrofloxacin without explicit direction.
What is famotidine injectable used for?
This is an antacid (an H2 receptor antagonist)
Which routes can famotidine injection be given through?
IV, SQ
What kind of medication is oral furosemide?
A loop diuretic (causes increased urination)
What is the brand name for oral furosemide?
Lasix, salix
When is oral furosemide used?
Most commonly in patients with a history of congestive heart failure, or those at high risk for going into heart failure
What is insulin?
Insulin is normally produced by the pancreas in a healthy patient. In a diabetic patient insulin must be supplemented to regulate blood glucose. Insulin is the hormone that makes it possible for our cells to utilize glucose.
When would a patient be given insulin?
When their blood glucose is too high (hyperglycemia)
Are there different types of insulin
YES! Use caution! There are different types, brands, and dosing recommendations vary widely!
What is the primary difference between humulin or novalin - R and humulin or novalin - N?
R type insulin is also known as regular insulin, this is a short acting insulin (like 1-3 hours). N type insulin is longer acting (like 8-12 hours).
Which insulins require the use of a U-40 syringe rather than a U-100 syringe?
The U-40 insulins are veterinary specific insulins - Vetsulin and ProZinc
What is the difference between a U-40 syringe and a U-100 syringe?
A U-40 syringe has 40 units per milliliter. A U-100 syringe has 100 units per milliliter. The U-40 syringe has much larger units.
What is lactulose oral used for?
Lactulose is a stool softener but is also used to bind ammonia in the GI tract
What should you tell an owner who is going to administer lactulose at home?
Ensure your pet has plenty of water, monitor eliminations to ensure they are not too watery, make sure the pet is having eliminations, and remind them that it is very sticky and hard to get out of clothes etc.
What is the brand name for maropitant injection?
Cerenia
Which routes is maropitant injectable given?
IV, SQ
What are some side effects of maropitant injectable?
Lethargy, pain at injection site
What kind of drug is meloxicam?
Meloxicam is an NSAID
How is meloxicam administered?
Meloxicam comes in oral and injectable formulations. Administer the injection SQ or IV (in dogs)
What are some side effects of meloxicam?
GI side effects, inappetence, vomiting, ulceration, possible kidney or liver enzyme elevations
What is metoclopramide used for?
Metoclopramide is a promotility agent that works on the upper GI tract, it also helps with nausea
What is the brand name for metoclopramide?
Reglan
How is metoclopramide administered?
Metoclopramide is available as injectable and oral formulations. Injectable can be given IV, via CRI, SQ, or IM
What kind of medication is metronidazole injection?
Metronidazole injection is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal agent
What is the brand name for metronidazole injection
Flagyl
How is metronidazole injection administered?
IV
What kind of medication is mirtazapine?
An appetite stimulant, also an antidepressant
How is mirtazapine administered
Availible in oral and transdermal formulations
What are some side effects of mirtazapine
GI side effects, vomiting, may cause paradoxical excitement or aggression
What should you tell an owner going home with mirtazapine for their pet
If transdermal - wear gloves. Tell them about rare chance for behavioral signs - sometimes pet becomes more affectionate. Monitor appetite.
What is potassium chloride injection used for?
To supplement potassium (and to a lesser extent chloride)
How is potassium chloride administered?
IV - MUST DILUTE ALWAYS
What can happen if you administer potassium chloride IV undiluted?
You can kill the patient. Cardiac arrest.
What is robenacoxib?
An NSAID
What is the brand name for robenacoxib?
Onsior
How is robenacoxib administered?
Oral and injectable formulations are available. The injectable is labeled for SQ administration.
What is sucralfate used for?
Sucralfate is used to coat GI ulcers
How is sucralfate administered?
Orally, in a slurry
Are there any side effects of sucralfate
Not really, it is fairly benign - there can be a risk of aspiration if the pet fights administration
What is trazodone used for?
Sedative, anxiolytic
Does trazodone have any side effects?
May cause profound sedation, occasionally nausea or inappetence. Rare possibility of paradoxical excitement
How is trazodone administered?
Orally
