Diseases VA2 Core

Question 1

What is another name for acute moist dermatitis?

Answer 1

Hot spot

Question 2

How do we commonly treat acute moist dermatitis?

Answer 2

Clip, clean, keep the site dry, may require antibiotics

Question 3

What does acute moist dermatitis look like?

Answer 3

Red, moist area, often sensitive to the touch

Question 4

What are some symptoms of an allergic reaction?

Answer 4

Hives, swelling, facial swelling, itching, difficulty breathing, acute collapse

Question 5

What are some possible causes of allergic reaction?

Answer 5

Recent vaccination, bug bite, plant, food, literally anything

Question 6

What is the first step in treating allergic reaction?

Answer 6

Diphenhydramine

Question 7

What may be required if allergic reaction progresses or worsens?

Answer 7

Dexamethasone injection and in the case of anaphylaxis epinephrine injection

Question 8

What is an anal gland impaction?

Answer 8

When anal gland discharge is thick or cannot be expressed on its own, may lead to rupture or infection

Question 9

How is anal gland impaction treated?

Answer 9

Manual expression of the anal glands and a high fiber diet. If impaction has progressed to infection or rupture the patient must be sedated and the area is cleaned and the veterinarian flushes the gland to ensure patency. Antibiotics and analgesics are sent home.

Question 10

What are clinical signs of anal gland impaction

Answer 10

Scooting, excessive licking or grooming of hind end, sensitivity near rear end

Question 11

What is anemia?

Answer 11

Low red blood cell count

Question 12

What are clinical signs of anemia?

Answer 12

Increased respiratory rate or effort, pale mucous membranes, weakness, lethargy, decreased appetite

Question 13

Why might anemia cause increased respiratory rate or effort?

Answer 13

Because anemia is a decrease in red blood cells and the main function of red blood cells is to carry oxygen to the tissues

Question 14

How do we test for anemia?

Answer 14

Checking a PCV or running a CBC

Question 15

What are basic causes of anemia?

Answer 15

Blood loss (trauma, hemoabdomen), blood destruction (immune mediated hemolytic anemia), or lack of blood production (bone marrow dysfunction)

Question 16

What is the treatment for anemia?

Answer 16

Depends on cause, but transfusion and oxygen therapy are used for support

Question 17

What are some names of the anticoagulant rodenticides?

Answer 17

Chlorophacinone, diphacinone, bromadiolone

Question 18

What is the treatment for anticoagulant rodenticides?

Answer 18

Vitamin K

Question 19

How do anticoagulant rodenticides work?

Answer 19

Depleting the bodies stores of vitamin k - this prevents many of the coagulation factors from working

Question 20

In addition to administration of vitamin K, what are other treatments for anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity?

Answer 20

Induce vomiting if ingestion occurred < 4 hours prior to presentation, administer activated charcoal if ingestion was recent.

Question 21

What diagnostics might be helpful in anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity?

Answer 21

PT/PTT, PCV/TP, Imaging to look for bleeding

Question 22

What are some clinical signs of anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity?

Answer 22

Pale gums, weakness, melena, hematochezia, hematemesis, epistaxis, hemoabdomen, ecchymosis, petechia, hemothorax